List Diseases – I
Esophageal infections occur primarily in patients with compromised immune systems. Primary agents include Candida albicans, herpes simplex virus, and cytomegalovirus. Symptoms of esophageal infections include chest pain and sore throat when swallowing.
Infectious complications are the most common reasons for admission of cancer patients to the intensive care unit. Both the tumor itself and its treatment (chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery) change the spectrum of prevailing pathogens (opportunistic, atypical pathogens), the clinical picture of common infections (absence or change of usual symptoms), the severity of the infectious process (fulminant sepsis), etc.
Infected postpartum wounds may manifest themselves in different ways. Bacteriological examination of exudate is performed to determine the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics. Material should be collected before the start of antibiotic therapy.
Infected hydronephrosis and its accompanying pyonephrosis are two different stages of a secondary infectious process that are localized in the renal parenchyma.
In some cases, especially with pronounced widespread atherosclerotic vascular lesions in elderly and senile individuals, thromboses and infarctions of the pancreas sometimes occur. They can be caused by small thrombi and embolism from the left atrium in heart defects (stenosis of the left atrioventricular orifice), infective endocarditis, embolism from an atheromatous plaque, etc.
In medicine, the term infantilism (in the exact translation from Latin, infantia means “infancy”) refers to one of the developmental disorders in which adults and children exhibit physical or physiological parameters, mental or behavioral characteristics that are clearly inappropriate for their age.
Diseases caused by disruption of the lipid structure of the erythrocyte membrane also include infantile pycnocytosis, which is not a persistent hereditary pathology and has a transient nature and a favorable prognosis.
Indian visceral leishmaniasis (synonyms: black disease, dum-dum fever, kala-azar). Indian visceral leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani, which parasitizes intracellularly in the human body in the amastigote (non-flagellate) stage, and in the carrier's body - in the promastigote (flagellate) stage. Kala-azar (translated from Sanskrit - "black disease") affects adults, and only in 5-6% of cases - children and adolescents.
Proper digestion of food is the key to good health of the body as a whole. For the normal digestion process, gastric secretion, acidity and composition of gastric juice play a fundamental role.
Increased intracranial pressure - intracranial pressure greater than 25 mm Hg.
The increase in the volume of extracellular fluid is caused by an increase in the total sodium content in the body. It is usually observed in heart failure, nephritic syndrome, cirrhosis. Clinical manifestations include weight gain, edema, orthopnea. Diagnosis is based on clinical data. The goal of treatment is to correct excess fluid and eliminate the cause.
Osteogenesis imperfecta (osteogenesisimperfecta, Lobstein-Wrolik disease; Q78.0) is a hereditary disease characterized by increased bone fragility, most often caused by mutations in the type I collagen genes, due to dysfunction of osteoblasts, which leads to disruption of endosteal and periosteal ossification.
Partial slowing or interruption of impulses from the upper chambers of the heart (atria) through the atrioventricular node (AV node) and/or the bundle of Hiss to the lower chambers (ventricles) with impaired synchronization between them is defined as incomplete heart block.
Incomplete intestinal rotation is a condition in which the normal development of the intestine is disrupted during the intrauterine period and it does not occupy its normal place in the abdominal cavity.
Causes and pathogenesis of impetigo. The causative agent of the disease is streptococci, staphylococci. The development of the disease is facilitated by microtraumas, poor skin hygiene, weakened immunity, or it occurs as a complication of various dermatoses (eczema, dermatitis, scabies, etc.)
Timely and effective diagnostics of neoplastic lesions of the oral mucosa (OM) and the vermilion border of the lips (VBL) remains a serious problem in oncostomatology.
Immunodeficiency states (immunodeficiency) develop as a result of damage to one or more links of the immune system. A characteristic manifestation of immunodeficiency is recurrent, severe infections. However, many types of immunodeficiency states are also characterized by an increased frequency of autoimmune manifestations and/or tumor diseases.
Immune hemolytic anemias are a heterogeneous group of diseases in which blood or bone marrow cells are destroyed by antibodies or sensitized lymphocytes directed against their own unmodified antigens.
Immunodysregiilation, Polyendocrinopathy, and Enteropathy (X-Linked - IPEX) is a rare, severe disorder. It was first described over 20 years ago in a large family where sex-linked inheritance was identified.
Eales' disease (juvenile angiopathy) is a heterogeneous disease that can be classified as either vascular or inflammatory (perivasculitis, vasculitis, periphlebitis).