Operations

Operations: clear overview, key topics, and practical navigation to related guides.

Prostate Removal for Cancer: Indications, Surgery, Complications, and Recovery

Removal of the prostate gland due to cancer is called radical prostatectomy. During this procedure, the surgeon removes the entire prostate gland, the seminal vesicles, and sometimes nearby lymph nodes if there is a risk of tumor spread beyond the prostate.

Sclerotherapy for Spider Veins: Effectiveness, Risks, and Recovery

Sclerotherapy for spider veins is a treatment method for small superficial veins in which a doctor injects a special solution or foam into the vessel.

Sclerotherapy of thyroid nodules: indications, effectiveness, risks, and current recommendations

In modern endocrinology, sclerotherapy of thyroid nodules most often means ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation, or percutaneous ethanol injection.

Sclerotherapy of cysts: indications, technique, effectiveness and risks

Cyst sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive treatment in which a doctor, using ultrasound, CT scan, or other imaging guidance, inserts a needle or thin catheter into the cyst, removes fluid, and then injects a substance that damages the cyst's lining.

Mastectomy for breast cancer: indications, types of surgery, recovery and prognosis

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that removes the entire breast. The National Cancer Institute defines it as precisely this: the removal of the entire breast affected by non-invasive or invasive cancer.

Lymph node removal for breast cancer: when it's needed, what types of surgeries are available, and how they differ

Lymph nodes are removed in breast cancer not because any tumor has necessarily already spread throughout the armpit, but because their condition helps to understand whether tumor cells have spread beyond the mammary gland and how high the risk of further spread is.

Foot prosthetics: modern capabilities, types of prostheses, rehabilitation and prognosis

In clinical practice, foot prosthetics is usually understood not as replacing foot joints with implants, but as the selection and manufacture of an external prosthesis or orthopedic structure after the loss of toes, the forefoot, the midfoot, or the entire foot at the ankle joint.

Vascular prosthetics: modern methods, materials, indications, risks, recovery and long-term follow-up

Vascular prosthetic replacement is not a single operation, but a large group of reconstructive interventions in which a damaged, dilated, blocked, or infected section of an artery is replaced with a prosthesis, excluded from the bloodstream using an internal prosthetic frame, or bypassed with a shunt.

Frontal sinus puncture: when is it needed, how is it performed, and what are the possible risks?

In modern otolaryngology, a frontal sinus puncture is usually understood as an external puncture or trepanopuncture of the frontal sinus in order to remove purulent contents, wash the sinus, take material for microbiological examination, or help the surgeon gain access to a hard-to-reach part of the frontal sinus.

Nail prosthetics: indications, contraindications, methods, risks, and results

In medical literature, the term "nail prosthetics" is used inconsistently. Most often, it refers to the temporary restoration of the shape and support function of the nail plate after injury, surgery, or nail deformity, rather than a permanent "implant" or a household cosmetic extension.

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