Poisoning with nitrites, sodium nitroprusside, nitroglycerin, as well as chlorates, sulfonamides, aniline dyes, nitrobenzene, antimalarial drugs, butyl nitrite or amyl nitrite can cause methemoglobinemia.
Carbon monoxide (CO, carbon monoxide) is a colorless, tasteless, and odorless gas that is non-irritating and a product of incomplete combustion. It is a component of many industrial gases (blast furnace, generator, and coke oven gases); the carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines can reach 1-13%.
Isopropanol (C3H7OH, isopropyl alcohol) is used in industry and clinical laboratory diagnostics as a solvent. It is less toxic than methanol and ethylene glycol.
Ethylene glycol (CH2OHCH2OH) is a dihydric alcohol widely used in heat exchangers, antifreeze compounds, and as an industrial solvent. When ingested, ethylene glycol is rapidly absorbed in the stomach and intestines.
Methanol (CH3OH, wood alcohol, methyl alcohol) can be absorbed through the skin, respiratory tract, or gastrointestinal tract. Upon entering the gastrointestinal tract, methanol is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout body fluids. The primary mechanism of methanol elimination in humans is oxidation to formaldehyde, formic acid, and CO2.
Ethyl alcohol (C2H5OH) has a sedative-hypnotic effect. When taken orally, ethanol, like methanol, ethylene glycol, and other alcohols, is easily absorbed from the stomach (20%) and small intestine (80%) due to its low molecular weight and lipid solubility.
Toxicology studies play a crucial role in diagnosing various types of poisoning. When conducting specific toxicology studies, it is crucial to obtain test results as quickly as possible (1-2 hours).
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