Toxicological Research: Basic Toxicological Methods
Last reviewed: 20.11.2021
All iLive content is medically reviewed or fact checked to ensure as much factual accuracy as possible.
We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. Note that the numbers in parentheses ([1], [2], etc.) are clickable links to these studies.
If you feel that any of our content is inaccurate, out-of-date, or otherwise questionable, please select it and press Ctrl + Enter.
Toxicological studies play a crucial role in the diagnosis of various poisoning. When conducting specific toxicological studies, it is very important to obtain the results of the assays as soon as possible (1-2 hours). At present, the following methods are most widely used to solve this problem: gas chromatography (GC), gas spectrometry with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography under high pressure (LC), thin-layer chromatography (TX), kinetic interaction of microparticles in (EIA), ELISA with monoclonal antibodies (CEDIA), RIA, fluorescent polarization (FPIA), etc. In recent years, for the rapid diagnosis of a number of poisonings, test strips (TAs) have been developed that allow within a few minutes of the qualities To detect toxic components or their metabolites in urine or semiquantly. Characteristics of the main toxicological methods
|
Method |
Sample preparation |
Device |
Sensitivity, ng / ml |
Duration of analysis, min |
A variety of detectable substances |
Analytical complexity |
|
EIA, CEDIA, RIA |
No |
Yes |
25-1000 |
2-5 |
No |
Average |
|
TX |
Yes |
No |
100-1000 |
60 |
Yes |
High |
|
GC |
Yes |
Yes |
50-100 |
60 |
Yes |
High |
|
GC-MS |
Yes |
Yes |
10-100 |
60 |
Yes |
High |
|
LC |
Yes |
Yes |
50-100 |
60 |
Yes |
High |
|
FP |
No |
Yes |
25-1000 |
2-5 |
No |
Average |
|
TP |
No |
No |
1-2 μg / ml |
5-10 |
No |
Low |
The choice of method or methods of investigation depends mainly on the physico-chemical properties of toxic substances and the tasks facing the clinician.
In clinical practice, poisoning with a wide range of toxic substances is observed. Below we consider poisoning, in which the results of laboratory studies play an important role in the diagnosis and control of the effectiveness of treatment.