Cancer (oncology)

This category covers cancer with symptoms, causes, diagnostics, treatment options, and prevention basics.

Living with liver cancer: treatment, nutrition, activity, prognosis, and daily living

Living with liver cancer can vary greatly: in some people, the disease can be removed, ablated, or controlled after a transplant, while in others, it requires years of consistent anti-tumor treatment.

Gastric body cancer: what does the location mean, how does it manifest, how is it treated, and what determines the prognosis?

Gastric body cancer is a malignant tumor that originates in the central portion of the stomach, also known as the corpus. Anatomically, the body is located between the upper sections—the cardia and fundus—and the lower section—the antrum.

What types of cancer cause liver metastases: which tumors most often spread to the liver and what does this mean?

Liver metastases can occur with many types of cancer, but they are especially common with colorectal, pancreatic, stomach, and esophageal cancers, as well as breast, lung, kidney, and melanoma cancers.

Clinical guidelines for gastric cancer: diagnosis and treatment by stage

Modern clinical guidelines for gastric cancer are built not around a single universal scheme, but around four decisions: accurate staging, the possibility of radical tumor removal, the general condition of the patient, and the molecular characteristics of the cancer.

Sigmoid colon cancer with liver metastases: treatment, surgery and prognosis

Sigmoid colon cancer with liver metastases is called metastatic colorectal cancer, or stage IV. If distant metastases are confined to the liver and there is no peritoneal or other organ involvement, the disease is classified as category M1a and stage IVA. Metastases to both the liver and another distant organ are typically classified as stage IVB, while those to the peritoneum are classified as stage IVC.

Liver metastases from stomach cancer: what they mean, how they are treated, and what is the prognosis?

Liver metastases in stomach cancer mean that tumor cells have spread from the stomach to a distant organ. In the international TNM staging system, this corresponds to stage M1 and stage IV gastric cancer, regardless of the size of the primary tumor and the number of affected regional lymph nodes.

Gastritis and stomach cancer: Can gastritis develop into cancer, and which changes are truly dangerous?

Regular gastritis does not necessarily mean a person will develop stomach cancer. Most people with gastritis will never develop cancer. However, certain forms of long-term inflammation of the gastric mucosa do increase the risk—primarily chronic Helicobacter pylori infection, severe atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia.

Bone metastases from liver cancer: symptoms, treatment, prognosis, and what to do if you experience pain

Bone metastases in liver cancer mean that cells from the primary liver tumor have spread beyond the liver and formed secondary lesions in bone tissue. In the case of hepatocellular carcinoma—the most common primary liver cancer—confirmed bone metastases correspond to category M1 and stage IVB in the TNM staging system.

Causes of Stomach Cancer: What Really Increases Your Risk and What You Can Change

Stomach cancer typically doesn't develop from a single cause or event. The tumor develops after a series of changes in the cells lining the stomach, and the risk of these changes is increased by infections, chronic inflammation, smoking, certain dietary habits, hereditary predisposition, and a number of stomach diseases.

Prostate cancer treatment methods: from active surveillance and surgery to modern systemic and PSMA therapy

Prostate cancer treatment is determined not only by stage. Doctors also consider the patient's risk group, PSA level, Gleason/ISUP Grade Group, tumor spread, presence of metastases, age, comorbidities, life expectancy, and the most significant treatment consequences for the patient.

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