Surgical diseases

This category covers surgical diseases with symptoms, causes, diagnostics, treatment options, and prevention basics.

A non-healing trophic ulcer: why the wound won't heal and what to do

If a trophic ulcer does not improve for weeks, gets bigger, or reopens after a short-term improvement, the main question is not what other ointment or dressing to try, but whether the cause of the ulcer has been correctly identified and whether the mechanism interfering with healing has been eliminated.

Swelling in a trophic ulcer: why it occurs, how to reduce it, and when it is dangerous

Swelling in a trophic ulcer is most often not a consequence of the wound itself, but a manifestation of the underlying disease that both caused the ulcer and prevents it from healing. In a venous ulcer, the primary mechanism is chronic increased pressure in the veins and fluid retention in the tissues.

Prevention of trophic ulcers: how to reduce the risk of occurrence and recurrence

Preventing trophic ulcers begins not with ointments or wound dressings, but with managing the underlying condition that can lead to skin damage. In venous insufficiency, the key interventions are reducing venous congestion and swelling, compression therapy when indicated, physical activity, and treatment of pathological venous reflux.

Types of trophic ulcers: what are the differences between venous, arterial, diabetic and other ulcers?

A trophic ulcer is not an independent diagnosis, but a long-term non-healing defect of the skin and deeper tissues, arising against the background of a disruption of the blood supply, venous outflow, innervation, constant pressure, inflammatory disease or other pathology.

Clinical guidelines for trophic ulcers: diagnosis and treatment by ulcer type

There is no single clinical guideline for trophic ulcers in general. Current guidelines base treatment on the underlying chronic wound: venous ulcers are treated differently than arterial, diabetic, or blood pressure ulcers.

Infected trophic ulcers: signs of infection, diagnosis and treatment

An infected trophic ulcer is a chronic wound in which microorganisms are not simply present on the surface but cause an inflammatory response and tissue damage. The mere presence of bacteria in an ulcer, its discharge, or its foul odor does not necessarily indicate infection: most chronic ulcers are colonized by microorganisms.

Purulent trophic ulcers: signs of infection, treatment, and when urgent help is needed

A purulent trophic ulcer is a chronic ulcer in which signs of local or spreading infection have appeared, including purulent discharge.

Dry trophic ulcer: what does a dry scab mean, when it should not be removed, and how is such a wound treated?

Consequences of a trophic ulcer: the dangers of a non-healing wound and what will happen without treatment

The consequences of a trophic ulcer depend primarily on its cause and how long the non-healing defect persists. The most common problems include chronic pain, oozing, damage to the skin around the wound, decreased mobility and quality of life, repeated episodes of inflammation, and ulcer recurrence after healing.

Treating trophic ulcers: how to clean a wound, what dressings to use, and what not to do

Proper treatment of a trophic ulcer involves more than simply applying an antiseptic or ointment. It involves examining the wound, gentle cleansing, removing dead tissue as needed, monitoring drainage, protecting the skin around the ulcer, and selecting the right dressing.

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