List Diseases – E
A hematoma (black eye) is the most common result of blunt trauma to the eyelid or forehead and is usually harmless, but it is important to rule out the presence of the following more serious conditions in the patient.
Anthrax is an acute infectious disease, zoonotic, caused by the anthrax bacillus, which occurs with damage to the skin, lymph nodes and internal organs. The cutaneous form of anthrax in most cases manifests itself with the formation of a specific carbuncle.
Retraction of the upper and lower eyelids occurs in approximately 50% of patients with Graves disease. The following mechanisms underlie retraction.
Eversion of the eyelid (syn. ectropion) is a condition in which the eyelid moves away from the eye, resulting in the palpebral and bulbar conjunctiva being exposed. Eversion of the lower eyelid almost always occurs.
Eyelid and conjunctival injuries look different depending on the nature of the damaging factor and the place of its application. In some cases, these may be small hemorrhages under the skin, while in others, they may be extensive ruptures and tears of the eyelids.
Eyelid abscess is differentiated from preseptal cellulitis and subperiosteal abscess (displacement of the eyeball). The diagnosis is confirmed by X-ray computed tomography.
The horizontal deviation varies in the primary position of the eyes, downward or upward gaze, regardless of whether the strabismus is concomitant or paralytic.
During syphilis, the cardiovascular, central nervous systems and other organs, including the eye, are affected at different stages of its course. Changes in the skin of the eyelids and conjunctiva appear. The cornea, vascular tract of the eye and retina are most often affected.
Depending on the time of infection, a distinction is made between congenital and acquired toxoplasmosis.
Serious eye injuries in children in developed countries occur at a rate of 12 cases per 100,000 population annually.
Eye injuries are one of the most common causes of unilateral blindness in the world, especially in young people, 50% of injuries occur before the age of 30.
Eye overexertion, also known as computer or digital syndrome, is a condition in which the eyes become tired and irritated due to prolonged time spent
One third of eye patients in the West are children, and worldwide there are about 1.5 million children with severe visual impairment and complete blindness, many of whom suffer from genetic diseases.
The basis of tissue changes in rheumatism is the systemic disorganization of connective tissue, most profound in the heart and blood vessels, in combination with specific exudative-proliferative reactions and damage to the vessels of the microcirculatory bed, found in all organs.
Ichthyosis unites a group of disorders manifested by peeling. In severe clinical cases of ichthyosis, patients die due to the addition of a widespread skin infection that is not amenable to therapy.
Eye damage in children and adolescents with systemic and syndromic diseases occurs in 2-82% of cases and includes mainly uveitis and scleritis. The spectrum of systemic diseases accompanied by eye damage is extremely wide, but mainly these are diseases of the rheumatological category.
Eye damage caused by the herpes zoster virus, or Herpes Zoster. Symptoms include rashes on the forehead and painful inflammation of all tissues of the anterior and sometimes posterior segments of the eye.
The eye can also be involved in the process with other common viral diseases; in particular, chickenpox, measles, rubella.
The consequences of blunt eye trauma range from disruption of the eyelid to damage to the orbit.
Exudative pleurisy is characterized by the accumulation of effusion in the pleural cavity during inflammatory processes in the pleural sheets and adjacent organs. According to the nature of the effusion, exudative pleurisy is divided into serous-fibrinous, purulent, putrefactive, hemorrhagic, eosinophilic, cholesterol, chylous. The most common cause of this pleurisy is tuberculosis, as well as pneumonia (para- or metapneumonic exudative pleurisy).