Eye Patterns

The horizontal deflection is different in the primary position of the eyes, gaze down, top, regardless of whether the squint is friendly or paralytic.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Causes of the eye patterns

[5], [6], [7], [8],

Causes of V-Pattern of the Eyes

• Brown syndrome.
• Hyperfunction of the lower oblique muscle associated with paresis of the IV pair of cranial nerves.
• Hypopunction of the upper oblique and, respectively, hyperfunction of the lower oblique in infantile esotropia and other children's esotropia. The correct position of the eyes with the gaze upward, often with pronounced ezideaviation at the gaze downward.
• Hypofunction of the upper rectus muscle.
• Hyperfunction of the external rectus muscle.
• Anomalies in the development of the facial skull with small orbits and omitted eye slits. Often expressed exotrophy with gaze upward and almost the correct position of the eyes with gaze down.

[9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14]

Causes of the A-pattern of the eyes

• Primary hyperfunction of the upper oblique muscle, often accompanied by exodeaviation in the primary position.
• Hypopunction of the lower oblique and / or paresis, accompanied by hyperfunction of the superior oblique muscle.
• Hypofunction of the external rectus muscle.
• Hypofunction of the lower rectus muscle.

[15], [16], [17]

Diagnostics of the eye patterns

The V pattern is reliably diagnosed if the difference in angle between the eyes up and down is> 15 D.

The A-pattern is reliably diagnosed if the difference in the angle between the gaze up and down is> 10D.

[18], [19], [20], [21]

Treatment of the eye patterns

Treatment of V-pattern of the eyes

Without oblique muscle dysfunction:

1. V-pattern of esotropia is eliminated by the bilateral recession of internal rectus muscles and the movement of tendons downwards.
2. The V pattern of exotrophy is eliminated by the bilateral recession of the external rectus muscles and the movement of the tendons to the top.

Treatment of A-pattern of eyes

Without oblique muscle dysfunction:

1. The A-pattern is removed by a two-sided recession of the internal rectus muscles with their displacement upward.
2. A-patterns of exotrophy are eliminated by a two-sided recession of external oblique muscles with their downward movement.