List Diseases – R
It is an undeniable fact that the disease begins with intrauterine growth retardation of the fetus, disruption of the process of skeletal formation, and the closure of the large fontanelle occurs only at a late stage.
Rupture (ruptura) is a violation of the anatomical integrity of tissues caused by a force exceeding their elastic capacity.
The cause of a rupture of the quadriceps tendon is a sharp, sudden contraction of the muscle when the limb is fully extended at the knee joint, or, less commonly, direct trauma.
A distinction is made between tendon ruptures along the length (usually at the level of the transition to the muscle belly) and its detachment from the point of fixation, often with a small bone plate.
Splenic rupture usually results from blunt abdominal trauma. Enlargement of the spleen due to fulminant Epstein-Barr virus infection (infectious mononucleosis or posttransplant pseudolymphoma) predisposes to rupture from minimal trauma or even spontaneous rupture. Significant impact (eg, motor vehicle accident) can rupture even a normal spleen.
Most often, a rupture of the patellar ligament occurs with a direct mechanism of injury. Closed injuries of the ligamentous apparatus in most cases are the result of indirect violence - a movement that exceeds the functional capabilities of the joint.
Rupture of the lateral ligaments of the first metacarpophalangeal joint usually occurs in athletes during unsuccessful attempts to perform exercises on gymnastic apparatus and is the result of forced excessive abduction of the first finger.
Rupture of the extensor tendon of the finger of the hand occurs at two levels: at the level of the proximal interphalangeal joint (type I) or at the level of the terminal phalanx (type II).
Usually, a rupture of the joint capsule occurs as a result of a specific injury, such as a fall on an outstretched arm. It causes pain when moving. Treatment is physical therapy and, in some cases, surgical methods.
Rubrofitia (synonym: rubromycosis) is the most common fungal disease that affects smooth skin, toenails, hands, and vellus hair.
Rubella is an acute viral disease, manifested by a small maculopapular rash, generalized lymphadenopathy, moderate fever. It may affect the fetus in pregnant women.
Rubella is an acute viral disease characterized by short-term fever, spotted or maculopapular rash and enlarged cervical lymph nodes.
When a woman becomes pregnant and develops infectious rubella, especially in the early stages of pregnancy, the incidence of a symptom complex known as congenital rubella syndrome increases dramatically.
Rubella (rubella) is an acute anthroponous infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets, manifested by moderate intoxication, fever, small-spotted rash, polyadenopathy and a high risk of fetal damage when developing in pregnant women.
Rotor syndrome (chronic familial non-hemolytic jaundice with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia and normal liver histology without unidentified pigment in hepatocytes) is hereditary in nature and is transmitted in an autosomal recessive manner. The pathogenesis of Rotor syndrome is similar to that of Dubin-Johnson syndrome, but the defect in bilirubin excretion is less pronounced.
Rothmund-Thomson syndrome (syn.: congenital poikiloderma Rothmund-Thomson) is a rare autosomal recessive disease, the defective gene is located on the 8th chromosome.
Rotavirus infection in children is one of the diseases that are also called "dirty hands diseases". Rotavirus is spread in everyday life through food, toys, bedding and all horizontal surfaces in the room with which the child comes into contact.
Rotavirus infection (rotavirus gastroenteritis) is an acute infectious disease caused by rotaviruses, characterized by symptoms of general intoxication and damage to the gastrointestinal tract with the development of gastroenteritis.
Rupture of the tendons that make up the rotator cuff is usually a complication of a shoulder dislocation. Most often, the tendons of all three muscles are damaged simultaneously, but isolated ruptures of the supraspinatus tendons or only the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are also possible.
Rotator cuff injuries are classified as strains, tendonitis, and partial or complete tears.