List Diseases – T
Tyrosine is a precursor of some neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine), hormones (e.g., thyroxine), and melanin; deficiency of enzymes involved in their metabolism leads to a number of syndromes. Tyrosinemia type I is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by deficiency of fumaryl acetoacetate hydroxylase, an enzyme involved in tyrosine metabolism.
Epidemic typhus (European, classical, louse-borne typhus; jail fever) is caused by Rickettsia prowazekii. Symptoms of epidemic typhus are prolonged and include high fever, intractable headache, and a maculopapular rash.
Typhoid fever is an acute infectious disease, a typical anthroponosis with an enteric mechanism of infection, caused by typhoid bacilli and characterized by predominant damage to the lymphatic apparatus of the small intestine, high fever, severe intoxication and bacteremia, roseola rash, hepatosplenomegaly, often with a wave-like course and prolonged bacterial excretion.
Typhoid fever is an acute anthroponous infectious disease with a fecal-oral transmission mechanism, characterized by a cyclical course, intoxication, bacteremia and ulcerative lesions of the lymphatic apparatus of the small intestine.
Tympanosclerosis is characterized by cicatricial-degenerative manifestations in the middle ear, caused by a previous inflammatory-destructive process that ended with the formation of scar tissue.
A multiple pregnancy is one in which two or more fetuses develop simultaneously. If a woman is pregnant with two fetuses, she is called a twin, with three fetuses, she is called a triplet, etc. Children born from a multiple pregnancy are called twins.
Tungiasis is a parasitic disease caused by the sand flea, characterized by the development of an allergic reaction, pain and an erythematous papule.
Small bowel tumors account for 1-5% of gastrointestinal tumors. Benign tumors include leiomyomas, lipomas, neurofibromas, and fibromas. All can cause bloating, pain, bleeding, diarrhea, and, if obstructed, vomiting. Polyps are not as common as in the colon.
The average age of patients with tumors of the renal pelvis and ureter is 65 years. The incidence increases with age, but tumors of the upper urinary tract are a rare autopsy finding.
Tumor-like formations include pathological processes and conditions that are characterized by some of the signs of natural tumors - growth, tendency to relapse after removal.
Of the benign tumors of the laryngopharynx, the most common are papilloma, somewhat less common are hemangioma, and rare are neoplasms developing from muscle tissue (leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma), neuroma, fibroma, etc.
Primary chest wall tumors account for 5% of all chest tumors and 1-2% of all primary tumors. Almost half of the cases are benign tumors, the most common of which are osteochondroma, chondroma, and fibrous dysplasia.
Tumors of the renal pelvis and calyceal system develop from the urothelium and in the overwhelming majority are cancers of varying degrees of malignancy; they are 10 times less common than tumors of the renal parenchyma.
According to autopsy data, adrenal tumors occur in 5-15% of adults. Men are more likely to suffer from this disease.
The basis of tumor-like processes observed in the skin vessels is embryonic dysplasia, accompanied by the splitting off of angioblastic elements, which, starting from the embryonic period, proliferate and form various types of hamartomas.
Tumors are excessive, uncoordinated pathological tissue growths that continue after the causes that caused them have ceased to act.
Tularemia is a natural focal acute infectious disease with fever, specific lymphadenitis and damage to various organs.
Tularemia (Latin tularemia; plague-like disease, rabbit fever, minor plague, mouse disease, deer fly fever, epidemic lymphadenitis) is an acute zoonotic bacterial natural focal infectious disease with various mechanisms of pathogen transmission. It is characterized by fever, intoxication, inflammatory changes in the area of the entry portal of infection, regional lymphadenitis.
Tubulointerstitial nephropathy includes various kidney diseases that occur with primary damage mainly to the structures of the tubules and interstitium.
Tuberous sclerosis is a hereditary disease characterized by hyperplasia of ecto- and mesoderm derivatives. The inheritance pattern is autosomal dominant. Mutant genes are located in loci 16p13 and 9q34 and encode tuberins, proteins that regulate the GT-phase activity of other extracellular proteins.