List Diseases – T
In tuberculosis of the eye, scleritis occurs mainly secondarily due to the spread of the tuberculous process from the vascular tract to the sclera in the area of the ciliary body or peripheral parts of the choroid.
Tuberculous pleurisy is an acute, subacute, chronic or recurrent tuberculous inflammation of the pleura, which can occur as a complication in any form of tuberculosis. Most often, pleurisy is observed in pulmonary tuberculosis.
In children and adolescents, pleurisy may occur as a complication of tuberculosis of the intrathoracic lymph nodes and primary tuberculosis complex, as well as an independent disease.
Pericarditis is an inflammation of the membranes of the heart of infectious or non-infectious origin. It can be an independent and sole manifestation of any infectious disease, including tuberculosis, but more often it is a complication of a common widespread infectious or non-infectious process.
Primarily occurs extremely rarely. As a rule, tuberculous otitis media occurs against the background of tuberculosis of the lungs or bones. Patients begin to notice one- or two-sided hearing loss, accompanied by tinnitus.
Peripheral lymph node lesions are most often caused by bovine mycobacteria. This should be taken into account when making a diagnosis in certain regions of Russia, especially in rural areas. Many authors associate the development of a specific process in the lymph nodes with the lymphotropism of MBT and the barrier function of the lymph nodes, rich in elements of the mononuclear phagocyte system, in which initial reactive (and then specific) changes most often occur.
Tuberculous keratitis can develop as a result of hematogenous metastasis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis or as a tuberculous-allergic disease.
Tuberculous hepatitis is usually detected at autopsy or laparoscopy in patients with abdominal tuberculosis. Liver tuberculosis accompanies intestinal tuberculosis in 79-99% of cases.
In disseminated tuberculous chorioretinitis, ophthalmoscopy reveals foci of varying age and shape in the choroid and retina.
Since Soviet times, many people have had the impression that a preventive examination is a formality that the doctor makes you do. Alas...
Tuberculosis of the urinary tract has increased sharply in recent decades, its incidence among extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases is 30-50%.
Respiratory tract tuberculosis is considered a complication of pulmonary tuberculosis or intrathoracic lymph node tuberculosis. Only in very rare cases is respiratory tract tuberculosis an isolated lesion without clinically established tuberculosis of the respiratory organs.
Tuberculosis of the spinal column, or tuberculous spondylitis, is an inflammatory disease of the spine, the characteristic feature of which is the primary destruction of the vertebral bodies with subsequent deformation of the spine.
Tuberculosis of the skin is a chronic disease with exacerbations and relapses. Factors contributing to the development of exacerbations and relapses are insufficient duration of the main course of treatment, inadequacy of anti-relapse treatment, poor tolerance of anti-tuberculosis drugs, and developing resistance of mycobacteria strains to them.
Tuberculosis of the skin of the eyelids can occur with exogenous and hematogenous infection. Tuberculosis of the skin of the eyelids is rare.
Tuberculosis infection of the pharynx is a relatively rare phenomenon, occurring in most cases during a severe, advanced process in the lungs and larynx against the background of a sharp weakening of the general and local resistance of the body.
Tuberculosis of the male genital organs occurs with a frequency of 11.1-79.3%. Tuberculosis of the female genital organs can occur under the guise of cystic formations of the ovaries, appendicitis, ectopic pregnancy.
Laryngeal tuberculosis (laryngeal consumption, tuberculosis of the respiratory organs) is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which develops, as a rule, against the background of widespread tuberculosis of the respiratory organs, hematogenous (lymphogenous) disseminated process of extrapulmonary localization, or by contact (sputogenous).
Tuberculous lesions of the skeleton in children and adolescents are characterized by extensive destruction of bones and joints, leading to early and steadily progressive disability in the absence of adequate treatment. In most children under 7 years of age, anamnestic data indicate the appearance of the first signs of the disease in the first 3 years of life, but the diagnosis was established at this age in only half of the cases.
The frequency of tuberculosis lesions among all eye diseases, according to different authors, fluctuates from 1.3 to 5%. The proportion of eye tuberculosis increases significantly in the group of inflammatory diseases of the vascular membrane (uveitis), although the fluctuations are also significant: from 6.8 to 63%.