List Diseases – R
Currently, the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis is based on classification criteria (1987). The development of a subclinical immunopathological process occurs for many months (or years) before the appearance of obvious signs of the disease.
The disease of rheumatoid arthritis in children, although not popular, but very complex. Parents of children suffering from joint damage from early childhood, face enormous problems, as, actually, the children themselves.
Rheumatic arthritis is the most common manifestation of rheumatic fever (RL) present in 75% of patients with the first attack. In adolescents of the older age group and adults, joint damage is often the only primary criterion for RL and is more severe than in children.
Rheumatic fever (PL) is a post-infection complication of A-streptococcal tonsillitis or pharyngitis in predisposed individuals with the development of an autoimmune response to epitopes of group A streptococcus and cross reactivity with similar epitopes of human tissues (heart, joints, CNS).
Rheumatism and rheumatoid diseases occupy a prominent place among various causes of ocular pathology. Epiclerites and sclerites in rheumatism are more common than tephonites and myositis and affect mainly people of young and mature age, equally often men and women.
Rheumatic chorea (Sydenham's chorea, minor chorea or "St. Vitus dance") is an important neurological disorder, manifested by sharp uncontrollable and irregular strokes, muscle weakness and emotional distress.
Rheumatic carditis is the most significant sign of rheumatic fever (RL), which determines the severity of the patient's condition and illness. Carditis usually occurs in isolation or is combined with other major clinical manifestations of RL.
Rhesus immunization during pregnancy is the appearance of a Rh in a pregnant woman in response to the ingestion of fetal erythrocyte rhesus antigens into the bloodstream.
Very often patients with acute or chronic rhinitis, allergic rhinopathy, with paranasal sinus diseases make complaints about lacrimation, itching in the eyes or, on the contrary, on the dryness of the mucous membrane of the eyes. These complaints are due to the involvement of lacrimal nasal cavity in one or another pathological process.
Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the orbit in children. The main role of an ophthalmologist is to establish a diagnosis by biopsy and refer the patient to a pediatric oncologist.
Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor originating from a skeletal (transverse striated) muscle. In about a third of cases, rhabdomyosarcoma is combined with various developmental defects: the urinary tract (8%). CNS (8%), digestive system (5%), cardiovascular system (4%).
Reye's syndrome is fatty degeneration of liver cells and other internal organs, which is combined with toxic enphalopathy due to mitochondrial insufficiency.
Rett syndrome is a progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system mainly in girls. The genetic nature of Rett's syndrome is associated with the breakdown of the X chromosome and the presence of spontaneous mutations in the regulator genes of the replication process. A selective deficiency of a number of proteins regulating the growth of dendrites, glutamine receptors in the basal ganglia, as well as violations of dopaminergic and cholinergic functions has been revealed.
There are abscesses and adenophlegmones, lateral abscesses and adenophlegmons of the okolobloccal space, intrapharive (visceral) phlegmon, phlegmonous lingual periamigdalitis, Ludwig's angina, abscess of the epiglottis, abscess of the lateral grooves of the pharynx, defeat of the thyroid gland, cervical mediastinitis.
Retrochorial hematoma is formed due to rejection of the ovum in the place of which a cavity with coagulated blood arises. A hematoma is a bruise that, when a healthy organism is, resolves itself.
Inflammation of the optic nerve can occur not only in the part that is located within the eyeball and in close proximity to the eye, but also in the part that is behind the eye and even the skull cavity (to the optic nerve is part of the visual pathway to the plasma ).
Upper and lower eyelid retraction occurs in approximately 50% of patients with Graves disease. At the heart of the retraction are the following mechanisms.
Retinopathy of prematurity, or vasoproliferative retinopathy (formerly called retrolental fibroplasia) is a retinal disease of deeply premature babies who have not fully developed a vascular network (vascularization) of the retina at the time of birth.
Retinopathy is characterized by hemorrhages, sometimes with a white spot in the center (Roth stains, cotton-like foci and crimp branches). Duration and type of anemia do not affect the appearance of these changes, which are more characteristic of concomitant thrombocytopenia.
Retinopathy is a group of non-inflammatory diseases that lead to retinal damage. The main reasons for the development of retinopathy are vascular disorders, leading to a violation of blood circulation in the vessels of the retina.