List Diseases – D
Domestic violence is violence between husband and wife (or cohabitants) and, perhaps, all violence in the home with children should also be included here.
Diverticula rarely affects the stomach, but develop in the duodenum in 25% of people. Most duodenal diverticula are single and localized in the descending portion of the duodenum near the Fater ampoule (periampulant).
Diverticulosis is a disease characterized by multiple diverticula in the large intestine, probably due to prolonged eating of low fiber foods. Most diverticula are asymptomatic, but some are complicated by inflammation or bleeding. Treatment for diverticulosis depends on the symptoms.
Diverticulum of the esophagus is a protrusion of the mucosa through the muscular layer of the esophagus. The disease can be asymptomatic or cause dysphagia and regurgitation. The diagnosis is established radiologically with a sip of barium; surgical treatment of the esophageal diverticulum is rarely used.
Diverticulum of the bladder - protrusion in the form of a sac wall, which communicates with the main cavity of the bladder.
Diverticular disease is a fairly common disease in developed countries and is characterized by the formation of either separate or multiple diverticula in almost all parts of the digestive tract, as well as in the urinary and gallbladder. Therefore, some authors currently use the term "diverticular disease" rather than the previously used "diverticulosis" terms.
Diverticulum is a herniated formation in the wall of the hollow organ. By this term, for the first time in 1698, Ruysch designated a saccular protrusion in the ileal wall of the intestine. The first work on diverticula of the large intestine in humans was published by Morgagni in 1769, and the clinical picture of diverticulitis was described by Virchow in 1853.
Diverticulitis is an inflammation of the diverticulum, which can lead to phlegmon of the intestinal wall, peritonitis, perforation, fistula, or abscessing. The initial sign is abdominal pain.
Disturbance of ventilation is an increase of RaCO2 (hypercapnia), when the respiratory function can not be more provided by the forces of the body.
Galactosemia is a hereditary disease caused by abnormalities in the metabolism of galactose. Symptoms of galactosemia include impaired liver and kidney function, decreased cognitive function, cataracts and premature ovarian failure. The diagnosis is based on the study of erythrocyte enzymes. Treatment consists of a diet that does not contain galactose.
In his daily life, a man often meets with such an incident, as a violation of taste (hypogevia).
Deficiency of enzymes involved in the metabolism of fructose can be asymptomatic or cause hypoglycemia. Fructose is a monosaccharide, which is present in high concentrations in fruits and honey, and is also a component of sucrose and sorbitol.
Three hereditary disorders of fructose metabolism are known in humans. Fructozuria (fructoquinase deficiency) is an asymptomatic condition associated with increased fructose in the urine: hereditary fructose intolerance (aldolase B deficiency) and fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency, which is also attributed to gluconeogenesis defects.
The disruption of chromoprotein metabolism concerns both exogenous and endogenous pigments. Endogenous pigments (chromoproteins) are divided into three types: hemoglobinogenic, proteinogenic and lipidogenic. Disturbances consist in decreasing or increasing the amount of pigments formed in the norm, or the appearance of pigments formed in pathological conditions.
Incorrect positioning of the upper and lower jaws with impaired closure of the dentition is a common orthodontic problem, and the most common type of pathological occlusion is the distal occlusion.
It is believed that the dissolution of gallstones with the removal of cholesterol, which is part of gallstones, as a result of the use of bile acid preparations occurs by micellar dilution, the formation of a liquid crystalline form or both.
Dissociative identity disorder, formerly referred to as a multiple personality disorder, is characterized by the presence of two or more individuals who succeed one another and an inability to recall important personal information associated with one of the individuals.
Dissociative fugue is one or more episodes of amnesia with the inability to recall part of the past or the whole past in combination with the loss of one's own identity or the formation of a new one.
Every person periodically experiences states with loss of integration of memory, sensations, their own identity and self-awareness. For example, a person can go somewhere and suddenly realize that he does not remember many aspects of the trip because of concern with personal problems, a broadcast or a conversation with another passenger.
Dissociative amnesia is an inability to recall important personal information, and this inability is so clearly expressed that it can not be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. The cause is usually trauma or severe stress.