List Diseases – C
Congenital narrowing of the urethra in urological practice is rare. Localized these constrictions most often in the distal sections of this anatomical formation.
Congenital myopathy is a term that is sometimes applied to hundreds of independent neuromuscular diseases that can manifest from birth, but usually this term is reserved for a group of rare hereditary primary muscle diseases that cause muscle hypotension and weakness from birth or during the neonatal period and in some cases delay in motor development at a later age.
Congenital multiple arthrogryposis is characterized by multiple contractures of the joints (especially the upper limbs and neck) and amyoplasia, usually without other serious congenital anomalies. Intelligence is relatively normal.
Congenital melanocytic nevi (syn: birthmarks, giant pigmented nevi) - melanocytic nevus, existing since birth. Small congenital nevuses do not exceed 1.5 cm in diameter.
I.V. Shvedovchenko (1993) developed a classification of congenital malformations of the upper limbs, while the author systematized and presented in the form of a table all forms of underdevelopment according to the teratological series. The basic principles, strategy and tactics of treatment of congenital malformations of the upper extremities are developed.
Congenital anomalies of the eyelids. The disease is often accompanied by strabismus, affected women may suffer from infertility.
Clinically diagnosed malformations of the bronchopulmonary system are detected in 10% of patients with chronic lung diseases. Aging, aplasia, hypoplasia of the lung. Clinically, these deformities are characterized by a deformity of the thorax - an occlusion or a flattening on the side of the defect. The percussion sound over this area is shortened, the respiratory noises are either absent or sharply attenuated. The heart is shifted towards the underdeveloped lung.
Congenital malabsorption of folic acid is a rare disease that is inherited in an autosomal recessive type. The transport of folic acid is disrupted not only in the intestine, but also the penetration of the microelement into the cerebrospinal fluid is impeded.
Kyphosis - curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane with the formation of convexity facing posteriorly. Kyphosis based on vertebral anomalies is the most common type of congenital kyphosis, ranging from 61 to 76%.
Chalasia cardia - congenital insufficiency of the cardiac esophagus due to underdevelopment of intramural sympathetic ganglion cells.
Congenital intestinal obstruction is a condition in which the passage of intestinal masses through the digestive tract is disturbed.
Congenital hypoplasia of the first ray of the hand is a developmental disorder characterized by underdevelopment of the tendon-muscular, osteoarticular apparatus of the finger of varying severity with progression of the defect in the teratological row of the defect from the proximal end of the ray to the distal one.
Congenital hepatitis B is a disease that occurs as a result of intrauterine vertical infection of the fetus with the hepatitis B virus from the mother with HBV infection.
Congenital hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Randu-Osler-Weber Syndrome) is a hereditary disease with vascular disruption, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant type and is found in both men and women.
Congenital heart disease is one of the most frequent anomalies of development, occupying the third place after anomalies of the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. The birth rate of children with congenital heart disease in all countries of the world ranges from 2.4 to 14.2 per 1,000 newborns. The incidence of congenital heart defects among live births is 0.7-1.2 per 1000 newborns.
Congenital glaucoma is genetically determined (primary congenital glaucoma), it can be caused by diseases or injuries of the fetus during embryonic development or during childbirth.
Congenital flexion-leading contracture of the first finger of the hand in overwhelming majority of cases is found in patients with congenital multiple or distal type of arthrogryposis. In this case, clinically observed flexion contracture in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the big toe and bringing the first ray to the palm, the soft tissue deficit along the palmar surface of the hand in the projection of the first interdigital and interstipar spaces.
Congenital pharynx fistulas may be complete or incomplete. The first have a through nature: an external opening on the skin of the anterior or lateral surface of the neck, the second - a blind character: either an opening only on the skin with a fistulous course that ends in the tissues of the neck, or vice versa, only a hole on the side of the pharynx, also with a blind fistula in the tissues neck.
Histological signs of congenital fibrosis of the liver are wide dense collagenous fibrous cords surrounding the unchanged liver lobules.
Congenital dilatations of intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli's disease) - a rare disease characterized by the presence of congenital segmentary saccular dilations of intrahepatic bile ducts without other histological changes in the liver. Expanded ducts communicate with the main duct system, can be infected and contain stones.