List Diseases – C
Congenital hypoplasia of the first ray of the hand is a developmental defect characterized by underdevelopment of the tendon-muscle and bone-articular apparatus of the finger of varying degrees of severity with progression of the defect in the teratological series of defects from the proximal end of the ray to the distal.
Congenital hepatitis B is a disease that occurs as a result of intrauterine vertical infection of the fetus with the hepatitis B virus from a mother with HBV infection.
Histological signs of congenital liver fibrosis are wide, dense collagen fibrous bands surrounding unchanged liver lobules.
Congenital hemorrhagic telangiectasia (Rendu-Osler-Weber syndrome) is a hereditary disease with a developmental disorder of blood vessels, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and is detected in both males and females.
Congenital heart defects are one of the most common developmental anomalies, ranking third after anomalies of the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system. The birth rate of children with congenital heart defects in all countries of the world ranges from 2.4 to 14.2 per 1000 newborns. The incidence of congenital heart defects among live births is 0.7-1.2 per 1000 newborns.
Congenital clubhand is a combined defect caused by underdevelopment of tissues on the radial or ulnar side of the upper limb. When the hand deviates to the radial side, a diagnosis of radial clubhand (tanus valga) is made; when it deviates to the opposite side, a diagnosis of ulnar clubhand (manus vara) is made.
Congenital glaucoma is genetically determined (primary congenital glaucoma), and can be caused by diseases or injuries to the fetus during embryonic development or during childbirth.
Congenital malabsorption of folic acid is a rare disease inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. Not only is folic acid transport impaired in the intestine, but the microelement's penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid is also impeded.
Congenital flexion-adduction contracture of the first finger of the hand is found in the overwhelming majority of cases in patients with congenital multiple or distal type of arthrogryposis. In this case, flexion contracture in the metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb and adduction of the first ray to the palm, deficit of soft tissues on the palmar surface of the hand in the projection of the first interdigital and intermetacarpal spaces are clinically observed.
Congenital fistulas of the pharynx can be complete or incomplete. The former have a through character: an external opening on the skin of the anterior or lateral surface of the neck, the latter are blind: either an opening only on the skin with a fistulous tract ending in the tissues of the neck, or vice versa, only an opening on the side of the pharynx, also with a blind fistulous tract in the tissues of the neck.
Congenital anomalies of the eyelids. The disease is often accompanied by strabismus, affected women may suffer from infertility.
Congenital esophageal stenosis is a narrowing of the lumen of the esophagus, usually in the area of aortic stenosis, which occurs as a result of hypertrophy of the muscular membrane of the esophagus in the presence of a fibrous or cartilaginous ring in the wall of the esophagus or the formation of thin membranes of the mucous membrane.
The first description of congenital (congenital) dyskeratosis (Dyskeratosis congenita) was made by the dermatologist Zinsser in 1906, and in the 1930s it was supplemented by dermatologists Kohl and Engman, therefore another name for this rare form of hereditary pathology is “Zinsser-Kohl-Engman syndrome”.
Congenital diverticulum of the urethra is a rather rare developmental defect, which is expressed in the form of a sac-like protrusion on the posterior wall of this anatomical structure.
Congenital microvillous atrophy (microvillous switch-off syndrome) is characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic inclusions containing microvilli in the region of the apical pole of the enterocyte; there are no microvilli on the analogous surface of the mature enterocyte. These disorders can be detected by electron microscopy.
Congenital hip dislocation is a severe pathology characterized by underdevelopment of all elements of the hip joint (bones, ligaments, joint capsule, muscles, vessels, nerves) and disruption of the spatial relationships of the femoral head and acetabulum.
Congenital dilatations of the intrahepatic bile ducts (Caroli disease) - this rare disorder is characterized by the presence of congenital segmental saccular dilatations of the intrahepatic bile ducts without other histological changes in the liver. The dilated ducts communicate with the main duct system, can become infected and contain stones.
Congenital degenerative cochleopathy (congenital deafness) is caused by prenatal or intranatal pathogenic factors, manifested by deafness from the moment of birth.
Congenital clubfoot (equino-cava-varus deformity) is one of the most common developmental defects of the musculoskeletal system, which, according to various authors, accounts for 4 to 20% of all deformities.
Chalazia of the cardia is a congenital insufficiency of the cardiac section of the esophagus due to underdevelopment of the intramural sympathetic ganglion cells.