List Diseases – C
Conjunctivitis is an inflammatory reaction of the conjunctiva to various effects. Characterized by hyperemia and edema, separated from the conjunctiva, the formation of follicles or papillae on it; conjunctivitis may be accompanied by edema and itching of the eyelids, damage to the cornea with reduced vision.
Congenital valves of the urethra - a fairly frequent urological pathology in boys (1:50 000 newborns) and very rare in girls.
Congenital tuberculosis is rare. Infection of the fetus in the early stages of pregnancy leads to spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. At preservation of pregnancy children are born prematurely, with signs of an intrauterine hypotrophy, the weighed body weight. In the first days after birth, the child may seem healthy.
Congenital trephalangeism of the first finger of the hand is a developmental defect, in which the thumb (like the rest of the fingers of the hand) has three phalanges. The main features that allow differentiating different forms of this defect: the longitudinal dimensions of the first metacarpal bone and the location of its epiphyseal growth zone; the size and shape of the additional phalanx: the longitudinal dimensions of the first ray of the hand: the size of the first interstitial space: the state of the muscles of thenar, the function of the brush.
Congenital muscular torticollis - persistent shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, accompanied by the inclination of the head and restriction of mobility in the cervical spine, and in severe cases deformation of the skull, spine, and shoulder-blades.
Congenital syphilis develops as a result of getting a pale trepidemia in the fetus from a sick mother through a placenta afflicted with syphilis.
Congenital stenosis of the esophagus is a narrowing of the esophagus, usually in the aortic narrowing, which arises from the hypertrophy of the muscular membrane of the esophagus in the presence of a fibrous or cartilaginous ring in the esophageal wall or the formation of thin membranes of the mucous membrane.
Congenital split foot deformity is a complex developmental disorder, accompanied by the absence of one or more metatarsal bones and fingers, a deep cleft in the entire depth of the forefoot.
Congenital slanting is a combined defect caused by underdevelopment of tissues along the radial or ulnar side of the upper limb. When the hand is diverted to the radial side, the diagnosis of radial armor is made (tanus valga), with the deviation to the opposite side - the elbow (manus vara).
Scoliosis - lateral curvature of the spinal column, combined with its torsion. The most common scoliosis on the basis of anomalies in the formation of vertebrae. Among such anomalies are wedge-shaped vertebrae and semi-vertebra.
Congenital sclerosis of the bladder neck is diagnosed to clinical urology quite rarely. This disease is characterized by the development of a fibrous ring in the neck of the bladder.
Congenital reduced deformity of the feet is characterized by reduction and supination of the forefoot along the Lisfranc joint line, valgus position of the posterior part, subluxation or dislocation of the wedge-shaped bones, pronounced deformation of the metatarsal bones, atypical attachment of the anterior tibial muscle.
Congenital primary hypothyroidism occurs at a frequency of 1 in 3500-4000 newborns. The earliest symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism are not pathognomonic for this disease, only a combination of gradually emerging symptoms creates a complete clinical picture. Children are more often born with a large body weight, asphyxiation is possible. Expressed a protracted (longer than 10 days) jaundice. Reduced motor activity, sometimes note the difficulty in feeding.
Congenital primary hypogonadism (anarchy, intrauterine anorhism, congenital anorhism) is an embryonic abnormality characterized by a lack of testicles in normal boys and boys with the genotype and phenotype. Congenital primary hypogonadism is extremely rare (1/20000).
Congenital polydactyly is a developmental disorder characterized by a quantitative increase in individual segments of the finger of the hand or the beam as a whole (the ray is all the phalanges of the finger and the corresponding metacarpal bone). Depending on the level of doubling, this anomaly is subdivided into polyphalange, polydactyly and doubling of the ray. Localized radial (or preaxial), central and ulnar (or postaxial) polydactyly.
The neoplasms of this group include dermoid and epidermoid (cholesteatoma) cysts, which constitute about 9% among all orbital tumors. Their growth is accelerated by the transferred trauma, cases of malignancy are described.
Congenital obliteration of the urethra is common in boys. Rarely, this pathology is combined with other vices.
The anatomical structure and size of the lips in children and adults vary considerably; However, they have certain harmonic limits, the deviation from which we associate with the notion of an ugly or even ugly form of the lips.
Non-healing of the palate is divided into through, blind and hidden, as well as one- and two-sided.
Neutropenia is defined as a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils of peripheral blood below 1500 / μL (in children aged 2 weeks to 1 year, the lower limit of the norm is 1000 / μp). A decrease in neutrophils of less than 1000 / μL is regarded as a mild degree of neutropenia, 500-1 000 / mL - an average, less than 500 - a severe degree of neutropenia (agranulocytosis).