List Diseases – C
Congenital muscular torticollis is a persistent shortening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, accompanied by a tilt of the head and limited mobility in the cervical spine, and in severe cases, deformation of the skull, spine, and shoulders.
Congenital syphilis develops as a result of the penetration of Trepopema pallidum into the fetus from a sick mother through a placenta affected by syphilis.
Congenital split foot deformity is a complex developmental defect, accompanied by the absence of one or more metatarsal bones and toes, a deep cleft along the entire depth of the forefoot.
Scoliosis is a lateral curvature of the spinal column, combined with its torsion. Scoliosis is most often encountered due to anomalies in the formation of vertebrae. Such anomalies include wedge-shaped vertebrae and hemivertebrae.
Congenital sclerosis of the bladder neck is diagnosed in clinical urology quite rarely. This disease is characterized by the development of a fibrous ring in the bladder neck.
Congenital adducted foot deformity is characterized by adduction and supination of the forefoot along the Lisfranc joint line, valgus position of the hindfoot, subluxation or dislocation of the cuneiform bones, severe deformity of the metatarsal bones, and atypical attachment of the anterior tibialis muscle.
Congenital primary hypothyroidism occurs with a frequency of 1 in 3500-4000 newborns. The earliest symptoms of congenital hypothyroidism are not pathognomonic for this disease, only a combination of gradually appearing signs creates a complete clinical picture. Children are often born with a large body weight, asphyxia is possible. Prolonged (longer than 10 days) jaundice is expressed. Motor activity is reduced, sometimes difficulties with feeding are noted.
Congenital primary hypogonadism (anorchia, intrauterine anorchism, congenital anorchism) is an embryonic anomaly characterized by the absence of testicles in genotypically and phenotypically normal boys. Congenital primary hypogonadism is extremely rare (1/20,000).
Congenital polydactyly is a developmental defect characterized by a quantitative increase in individual segments of the finger or the ray as a whole (the ray is all the phalanges of the finger and the corresponding metacarpal bone). Depending on the level of doubling, this anomaly is divided into polyphalangy, polydactyly, and ray doubling. By localization, radial (or preaxial), central, and ulnar (or postaxial) polydactyly are distinguished.
Non-union of the palate is divided into through, non-through and hidden, as well as unilateral and bilateral.
Congenital obliteration of the urethra is common in boys. Rarely, this pathology is combined with other defects.
The anatomical structure and size of the lips in children and adults vary considerably; however, they have certain harmonic limits, deviation from which we associate with the idea of an unattractive or even ugly shape of the lips.
Neutropenia is defined as a decrease in the number of circulating neutrophils in peripheral blood below 1500/mcl (in children aged 2 weeks to 1 year, the lower limit of the norm is 1000/mcl). A decrease in neutrophils to less than 1000/mcl is considered mild neutropenia, 500-1,000/mL - moderate, less than 500 - severe neutropenia (agranulocytosis).
Congenital stenosis of the urethra is quite rare in urological practice. These stenosis are most often localized in the distal parts of this anatomical formation.
Congenital myopathy is a term sometimes applied to hundreds of distinct neuromuscular disorders that may be present at birth, but the term is usually reserved for a group of rare, inherited primary muscle disorders that cause muscle hypotonia and weakness from birth or during the neonatal period and, in some cases, delayed motor development later in life.
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita is characterized by multiple joint contractures (especially of the upper limbs and neck) and amyoplasia, usually without other major congenital anomalies. Intelligence is relatively normal.
Congenital melanocytic nevi (syn: birthmarks, giant pigmented nevi) are melanocytic nevi that exist from birth. Small congenital nevi do not exceed 1.5 cm in diameter.
Clinically diagnosed defects of the bronchopulmonary system are found in 10% of patients with chronic lung diseases. Agenesis, aplasia, hypoplasia of the lung. Clinically, these defects are characterized by deformation of the chest - depression or flattening on the side of the defect. Percussion sound over this area is shortened, respiratory sounds are absent or sharply weakened. The heart is displaced toward the underdeveloped lung.
Kyphosis is a curvature of the spine in the sagittal plane with the formation of a posteriorly facing convexity. Kyphosis based on anomalies in the formation of the vertebrae is the most common type of congenital kyphosis, accounting for 61 to 76%.
Congenital intestinal obstruction is a condition in which the passage of intestinal matter through the digestive tract is disrupted.