List Diseases – C
Currently, many dermatologists consider keratoderma climacterica as part of the climacteric syndrome. The occurrence of the disease is associated with hypofunction of the ovaries (fading of the function of the sex glands) and the thyroid gland. This dermatosis affects 15-20% of women.
Spina bifida is a defect in the closure of the spinal column. Although the cause is unknown, low folate levels during pregnancy increase the risk of this defect. Some cases are asymptomatic, while others result in severe neurological impairment below the lesion.
Cleft soft palate occurs when the embryonic rudiments of the soft palate do not fuse. The palatine plates do not fuse completely along the midline, which is realized in various defects of the soft palate - from the most insignificant, for example, when only the uvula is split (uvula bifida), to a complete cleft of the soft palate, often involving the hard palate.
Clavicle fractures account for 3 to 16% of all skeletal bone integrity disorders. They are more common in young people.
Claustrophobia or fear of closed, closed, tight spaces can be found anywhere: in an elevator, shower, airplane, solarium. Places with a lot of people – theaters, shopping centers – also pose a danger to a person with claustrophobia. Even clothes that fit tightly around the neck (for example, a tie) can provoke terrible panic.
The general classification of periodontitis, which helps in dental practice, is based on the following unifying categories: Clinical signs of the disease. Etiological factors of the disease. Morphology of the inflammatory process. Topographic signs.
Cirrhotic tuberculosis develops in the final stage of a long-term tuberculosis process. In this form, fibrous changes in the lung and pleura prevail over specific manifestations of tuberculous inflammation, which are usually represented by separate encapsulated tuberculous foci, sometimes residual slit-like caverns; intrathoracic lymph nodes often contain calcifications.
Cirrhosis of the lung is a slowly progressive process that is accompanied by the replacement of lung tissue with connective tissue.
Cirrhosis is an anatomical concept that implies the reorganization of the organ structure due to the development of fibrosis and regeneration nodules. Disorganization of the lobules and vascular triads of the liver leads to portal hypertension, the development of extra- and intrahepatic portocaval anastomoses, and a deficiency in the blood supply to the nodules. From a clinical point of view, cirrhosis is a chronic diffuse liver lesion with the proliferation of non-functional connective tissue.
Liver cirrhosis is a chronic polyetiological diffuse progressive liver disease characterized by a significant decrease in the number of functioning hepatocytes, increasing fibrosis, restructuring of the normal structure of the parenchyma and vascular system of the liver, the appearance of regeneration nodes and the subsequent development of liver failure and portal hypertension.
Cirrhosis is the proliferation of connective tissue in parenchymatous organs (liver, lungs, kidneys, etc.), accompanied by a restructuring of their structure, compaction and deformation.
Disturbances of venous outflow are observed in congestive heart failure, portal hypertension, and pulmonary heart syndrome in chronic lung diseases.
Circadian rhythm sleep disorder is a disruption in the regularity of the sleep-wake cycle due to desynchronization of the external and internal clocks.
Chyluria is a pathological condition that is accompanied by the release of lymph with urine. The urine is milky in color. Chyluria occurs as a result of a fistula between the lymphatic system and the urinary tract.
Chylothorax is an accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the chest cavity. It is a serious and often life-threatening condition, often causing cardiopulmonary failure, metabolic, electrolyte and immunological disturbances.
Chronic viral hepatitis is a disease caused by hepatotropic viruses with parenteral infection, accompanied by hepatosplenic syndrome, increased activity of liver enzymes and long-term persistence of the causative viruses.
Chronic venous insufficiency is an altered venous outflow, sometimes causing discomfort in the lower limb, swelling and skin changes. Postphlebitic (postthrombotic) syndrome is a chronic venous insufficiency accompanied by clinical symptoms.
Chronic venous insufficiency or chronic venous diseases include varicose veins, post-thrombotic disease, congenital and traumatic venous vessel anomalies
Chronic ulcerative vegetative pyoderma is a deep form of pyoderma caused by streptococcal and staphylococcal infections. It occurs in people of any age. The development of the disease is facilitated by severe immunodeficiency conditions, leading to a decrease in the body's defenses, and a violation of the normal functional state of the skin.
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis is caused by a variety of reasons, of which medications and metabolic disorders are the most important. Like acute tubulointerstitial nephritis, chronic nephritis is much more often observed in elderly and senile patients.