Classification of periodontitis

The general classification of periodontitis, which helps in dental practice, is based on such unifying categories:

• Clinical signs of the disease.
• Etiological factors of the disease.
• Morphology of the inflammatory process.
• Topographical features.

In general, the inflammation of periodontium can be divided according to the nature of the course of the process - acute or chronic periodontitis. Each form in turn is divided into serous or purulent, and is also divided by the zone of localization of the process:

• Upper periodontitis (apical).
• Marginal periodontitis.
• Diffuse periodontitis.

The chronic apical (apical) processes have their own division criteria:

• Fibrous.
• Granulating.
• Granulomatous.

It should be noted that the so-called marginal periodontitis is often referred to as periodontal disease and this is only one example of some inconsistency in standardizing the wording of the diagnosis.

To date, there are several classification forms that are used by dentists of different countries. ICB-10 is officially recognized practically in all countries of the former CIS. However, many doctors in practice use other, more detailed in a clinical sense, standards.

Let's list the classifications that exist today:

• Classification of Lukomsky, compiled on the basis of general clinical signs of the course of the process:
  • Acute periodontitis - serous or purulent.
  • Chronic periodontitis - granulating, granulomatous, fibrous.
  • Chronic periodontitis in the stage of exacerbation.
• In the practice of pediatric dentistry, Groshikov's classification is often used:
  • Petiodontitis acuta - acute periodontitis.
  • Petiodontitis acuta apicalis - acute apical periodontitis.
  • Petiodontitis acuta marginalis - acute marginal periodontitis.
  • Petiodontitis chronica fibrosa - fibrous chronic periodontitis.
  • Petiodontitis chronica granulans - granulating chronic periodontitis.
  • Petiodontitis chronica granulomatosa - granulomatous chronic periodontitis.
  • Petiodontitis chronica exacerbation - exacerbated chronic periodontitis.
• Classification of Dedovoy (2002) by types:
  • I - acute, rapidly developing process with pronounced symptoms.
  • II - chronic process, which has been developing for many years, is rarely exacerbated.
  • III - exacerbation of the chronic form of periodontitis due to changes in the bacterial background, flora in the periodontal tissues.
  • IV - rapidly progressive periodontitis, which for a short period leads to the loss of several teeth at once.
  • V is a reversible inflammatory process, in which there is a high process of recovery of periodontal tissues.

Process Flow	Periodontitis form	Prevalence	Degree of defeat
Acute periodontitis	Simple	Localized	Lightweight
Chronic periodontitis	Complex	Generalized	Medium to severe
Exacerbation of chronic periodontitis with abscess	Juvenile		Heavy
Fast-progressive periodontitis	Post-urea
Periodontitis in remission	Symptomatic		Lightweight

In addition, there is a classification edited by R.Shur from 1976, the systematization of the MMSI - the Moscow Medical Stomatological Institute, WHO classification and ICD-10 officially recognized in medical institutions.

[1], [2], [3]