List Diseases – A
The pathogenetic basis is IgE-mediated allergic reactions. Rhinoconjunctivitis is a classic example of atopic diseases, which are characterized by the presence of hyperproduction of IgE, high levels of specific IgE and IgC4 antibodies, and an imbalance of immunoregulatory cells.
Acute rhinitis (acute runny nose) is an acute non-specific inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity. Acute rhinitis is considered one of the most common diseases in both children and adults, there is no precise epidemiological data.
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by a disruption of the normal gas composition of arterial blood: delivery of a sufficient amount of oxygen to arterial blood and removal of the corresponding amount of carbon dioxide from venous blood into the alveoli. Disruption of pulmonary gas exchange leads to a decrease in paO2 (hypoxemia) and an increase in paCO2 (hypercapnia).
Acute renal failure is a non-specific syndrome of various etiologies, developing due to a sudden shutdown of homeostatic functions of the kidneys, which is based on hypoxia of the renal tissue with subsequent predominant damage to the tubules and the development of interstitial edema. The syndrome is manifested by increasing azotemia, electrolyte imbalance, decompensated acidosis and impaired ability to excrete water.
Acute renal failure is a syndrome caused by sudden (within hours or days) potentially reversible impairment of renal function or kidney function, which develops on the basis of damage to the tubular apparatus (tubular necrosis) due to the influence of exogenous or endogenous factors.
Pyelonephritis is a non-specific infectious and inflammatory process occurring in the renal pelvis and calyces and tubulointerstitial tissue of the kidneys. It accounts for about 50% of the overall pathology of the urinary tract.
Acute pyelonephritis is a well-defined clinical syndrome consisting of an acute onset with fever, flank pain, and costovertebral angle muscle tension associated with leukocytosis, leukocyturia, and bacteriuria. These symptoms may be accompanied by cystitis with frequent, painful urination.
Acute purulent thyroiditis is caused by coccal flora and is rare. The use of antibiotics to treat coccal infections has made this form of thyroiditis very rare.
Acute prostatitis is a urological disease of the prostate, which is characterized by an acute inflammatory process in the parenchyma of the prostate gland and is manifested by pain, fever and urinary dysfunction.
Acute glomerulonephritis is one of the forms of glomerulonephritis, characterized by the sudden development of hematuria, proteinuria, arterial hypertension and edema, which in some cases is combined with transient impairment of renal function.
Acute endophthalmitis is considered an extremely severe complication, occurring in 1 out of 1000 cases.
Acute posthemorrhagic anemia in adults is a disease that occurs due to rapid loss of a large amount of blood. Let's look at the main symptoms of the disease, causes, diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis of acute posthemorrhagic anemia.
Minor blood loss in older children does not cause significant clinical symptoms and is relatively well tolerated. Significant blood loss is less well tolerated by children than by adults.
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (acute glomerulonephritis, acute nephritis, postinfectious glomerulonephritis) is an immune complex disease with diffuse damage to the kidneys, primarily the glomeruli, which occurs 10-14 days after a streptococcal infection (tonsillitis, impetigo, scarlet fever, pyoderma, etc.) and is characterized by nephritic syndrome.
Acute polyneuropathy, or Guillain-Barré syndrome, is an autoimmune inflammation of the peripheral and cranial nerves, with damage to the myelin sheaths and the development of acute neuromuscular paralysis.
In cases of poisoning with caustic substances (strong acids and alkalis), a chemical burn of the upper gastrointestinal tract develops, leading in some cases to perforation of the esophagus or stomach.
Pneumonia is an acute inflammatory disease of the lungs with a reaction of the vascular system in the interstitial tissue and disturbances in the microcirculatory bed, with local physical symptoms, with focal or infiltrative changes on the radiograph, having a bacterial etiology, characterized by infiltration and filling of the alveoli with exudate containing predominantly polynuclear neutrophils, and manifested by a general reaction to infection.
In the classification of diseases of periapical tissues, acute periodontitis occupies a special place, since it most often affects the category of young patients, develops rapidly and can lead to premature tooth loss if you do not contact a dentist in a timely manner.
Acute pericarditis is an acute inflammation of the visceral and parietal layers of the pericardium (with or without pericardial effusion) of various etiologies. Acute pericarditis can be an independent disease or a manifestation of a systemic disease.
Acute perforation can occur in any part of the gastrointestinal tract due to various causes with the entry of gastric or intestinal contents into the abdominal cavity. Symptoms of acute perforation develop suddenly, with severe pain, accompanied by rapidly developing signs of shock.