List Diseases – A
Obstructive disorders in the lower respiratory tract occur as a result of obstruction of air movement in the trachea at the level of the carina of the trachea, large and medium bronchi.
Acute bacterial meningitis is a fulminant, often fatal, purulent infection of the meninges. The main symptoms of the disease are headache, fever, and stiff neck.
Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical disease in children (4:1000). Symptoms of acute appendicitis in children are extremely diverse and variable depending on the age of the patient and the characteristics of reactivity, severity of the inflammatory process, and location of the appendix in the abdominal cavity.
Until recently, it was believed that stress ulcers mainly affect the stomach and, less frequently, the duodenum. However, in reality, they occur in all parts of the intestinal tube. Moreover, each section of the gastrointestinal tract is characterized by certain damaging agents.
Hemoptysis is the presence of streaks of scarlet blood in sputum or saliva, the release of individual spitting of liquid or partially coagulated blood. Pulmonary hemorrhage is understood as the outpouring of a significant amount of blood into the lumen of the bronchi.
Stenosis is a narrowing of the lumen of the larynx and/or trachea, which disrupts the flow of air into the respiratory tract and lungs. Depending on the time frame, stenoses are divided into acute, developing over a short period of time (up to 1 month), and chronic, developing slowly (more than 1 month).
Acute and chronic recurrent cystitis in women are the most common diseases in women aged 20-40 years in gynecological practice.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx of any etiology. Chronic edematous-polypous laryngitis is often called polypoid hypertrophy, polypoid degeneration, polypous laryngitis, Reinke's edema, and Reinke-Hayek disease.
Acute alcoholic hepatitis (AAH) is an acute degenerative and inflammatory liver disease caused by alcohol intoxication, morphologically characterized mainly by centripetal necrosis, an inflammatory reaction with infiltration of the portal fields mainly by polynuclear leukocytes and the detection of alcoholic hyaline (Mallory bodies) in hepatocytes.
Acute adrenal insufficiency is a serious condition of the body, clinically manifested by vascular collapse, severe adynamia, and gradual clouding of consciousness. It occurs with a sudden decrease or cessation of secretion of hormones of the adrenal cortex.
Acute adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome that develops as a result of a sharp decrease or complete cessation of hormone production by the adrenal cortex.
In practical gynecology, acute adnexitis occupies one of the leading positions in female morbidity. Considering the importance of the fallopian tubes and ovaries in the processes of reproduction and women's health, attention should be paid to this disease in order to have the necessary and adequate understanding of it.
Acute (catarrhal) non-specific rhinitis is the most common disease in otolaryngology, characterized by pronounced seasonality and significant individual predisposition to its occurrence.
Activity and attention disorders are a group of disorders united according to the phenomenological principle based on weakly modulated behavior with age-inappropriate hyperactivity, attention deficit, impulsivity, and lack of stable motivation for activities requiring volitional efforts.
Actinomycosis of the pharynx is a chronic infectious disease of humans and animals caused by the introduction of actinomycetes (parasitic ray fungi) into the pharynx.
In classical works, the fungus Actinomyces bovis was accepted as the causative agent, however, from the latest works of the Romanian otolaryngologist V. Racovenu (1964), it follows that the true causative agent of actinomycosis is the parasite Actinomyces Israeli.
Actinomycosis of the esophagus is a rare disease, the occurrence of which is possible only if the mucous membrane of the esophagus is damaged and infected agents are retained in it.
Actinomycosis is a chronic infectious disease of humans and animals caused by anaerobic ray fungi.
Actinitic keratosis (syn.: senile keratosis, solar keratosis) develops as a result of prolonged exposure to ultraviolet rays on exposed areas of the skin, usually in people over 50 years of age.
Actinic reticuloid was first described and identified as a separate nosological entity in 1969 by FA Ive et al. This disease is described in the literature under the name chronic actinic dermatitis.