List Diseases – A
Acute heart failure is a symptomatic complex of rapidly developing systolic and / or diastolic heart function disorders. Main symptoms: decreased cardiac output; insufficient perfusion of tissues; increased pressure in the capillaries of the lungs; stagnation in the tissues.
The leading role in the development of acute cholecystitis belongs to infection (E. Coli, staphylococcus, streptococcus, proteus, enterococcus, typhoid fever). The pathogenetic role of enzymes and proenzymes of the pancreas, entering the bile ducts and the gallbladder and provoking acute fermentative cholecystitis, is investigated.
Acute cholecystitis is an acute inflammation of the gallbladder wall. In the overwhelming majority of cases, acute cholecystitis develops when the bladder duct becomes obstructed with a stone, which provokes an increase in intravesical pressure. Thus, acute cholecystitis is the most common complication of cholelithiasis.
Acute catarrhal laryngitis is characterized by acute inflammation of the mucous membrane of the larynx, caused by infection with its banal microbiota.
Bronchitis is acute (simple): bronchitis, which proceeds without signs of bronchial obstruction. This inflammatory disease of the bronchi with an increase in bronchial secretion, the main symptoms of which include cough, dry and variegated wet rales, radiologically - the absence of infiltrative or focal changes in the lung tissue; can be observed bilateral enhancement of the pulmonary pattern and the roots of the lungs.
Acute bronchitis is an inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, usually after acute respiratory infections. Usually it is a viral infection, although sometimes a bacterial infection; pathogens are rarely detected. The most frequent symptoms of acute bronchitis are cough with or without phlegm and / or fever.
Acute bronchiolitis is a type of obstructive bronchitis involving the involvement of small bronchi and alveoli, which is characterized by respiratory failure and an abundance of small bubbling rales. Violation of bronchial patency occurs in the terminal section of the bronchial tree. It is observed mainly in children of the first year of life.
Obstructive disorders in the lower respiratory tract arise as a result of obstruction of the movement of air in the trachea at the level of the keel of the trachea, large and medium bronchi.
Acute bacterial meningitis is a fulminant, often fatal purulent infection of the membranes of the brain. The main symptoms of the disease are headache, fever and stiff neck.
Acute appendicitis is the most common surgical disease in children (4: 1000). Symptoms of acute appendicitis in children are extremely diverse and variable depending on the age of patients and the characteristics of reactivity, the severity of the inflammatory process, the location of the process in the abdominal cavity.
Until recently, it was believed that stress ulcers affect mainly the stomach and less often the duodenum. However, in reality they are found in all parts of the intestinal tube. And for each site of the gastrointestinal tract, certain damaging agents are characteristic.
Hemoptysis is the presence of streaks of scarlet blood in sputum or saliva, the release of individual spitting liquid or partially coagulated blood. Under pulmonary bleeding understand the outpouring of a significant amount of blood into the lumen of the bronchi.
Stenosis is understood as narrowing the laryngeal lumen and (or) the trachea, which disrupts the entry of air into the respiratory tract and lungs. In terms of the stenosis are divided into acute, developing for a short time (up to 1 month), and chronic, forming slowly (more than 1 month).
Acute and chronic recurrent cystitis in women is the most common disease in women aged 20-40 years in gynecological practice.
Laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx of any etiology. Chronic edema-polypous laryngitis is often called polypoid hypertrophy, polypoid degeneration, polypous laryngitis, Reinke edema and Reinke-Gayek disease.
Acute alcoholic hepatitis (OAH) - acute degenerative and inflammatory liver damage caused by alcohol intoxication, morphologically characterized mainly by centrally glossy necrosis, inflammatory reaction with portal field infiltration mainly by polynucleated leukocytes and detection of alcoholic hyaline (Mallory corpuscles) in hepatocytes.
Acute adrenal insufficiency is a serious condition of the body, clinically manifested by vascular collapse, sharp adynamy, gradual dimming of consciousness. Occurs when the hormones of the adrenal cortex are suddenly reduced or stopped.
Acute adrenal insufficiency is a syndrome that develops as a result of a sharp decrease or complete cessation of hormone production by the adrenal cortex.
In practical gynecology, acute adnexitis occupies one of the leading positions in female morbidity. Given the importance of the fallopian tubes and ovaries in reproductive processes and women's health, attention should be paid to this disease in order to have the necessary and adequate representation about it.
Acute (catarrhal) nonspecific rhinitis is the most common disease in otorhinolaryngology, characterized by pronounced seasonality and a significant individual predisposition to its occurrence.