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Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Last reviewed: 07.07.2025
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[ Symptoms of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
The onset of acute myeloblastic leukemia is almost devoid of specific features. The most common manifestations are fever, hemorrhagic syndrome, anemia, and secondary infections. Despite bone marrow infiltration, bone pain does not always occur. Infiltration of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes is recorded in 30-50% of patients. CNS damage is noted in 5-10% of cases, while most children have no neurological symptoms.
Skin lesions are most characteristic of the monocytic variant of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Isolated skin infiltration occurs extremely rarely during the manifestation of the disease; extramedullary chloromas are more often observed in combination with typical bone marrow infiltration. At the onset of acute myeloblastic leukemia, hyperleukocytosis is detected in 3-5% of children, which is most characteristic of the mimomonocytic and monocytic variants.
Classification of acute myeloid leukemia
Historically, the diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia is based on cytomorphology. The disease is a morphologically heterogeneous group.
Currently, the classification according to the FAB (French-American-British Cooperative Group) criteria is generally accepted. The basis of this classification is the correspondence of the morphological substrate of leukemia to a certain series and level of differentiation of normal hematopoietic cells.
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Treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
In modern hematology, leukemia therapy, including acute myeloblastic leukemia, must be performed in specialized hospitals according to strict programs. The program (protocol) includes a list of studies required for diagnostics and a strict schedule for their implementation. After completion of the diagnostic stage, the patient receives treatment provided for by this protocol, with strict adherence to the timing and order of therapy elements. Currently, there are several leading research groups in the world analyzing the diagnosis and treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia in children in multicenter studies. These are the American research groups CCG (Children's Cancer Group) and POG (Pediatric Oncology Group), the English group MRC (Medical Research Council), the German group BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Miinster), the Japanese CCLG (Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group), the French LAME (Leucamie Aique Mycloi'de Enfant), the Italian AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatric), and others. The results of their research are the main sources of modern knowledge about the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia in children.
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