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Acute myeloblastic leukemia
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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[Symptoms of acute myeloblastic leukemia
The debut of acute myeloblastic leukemia is almost devoid of specific features. The most frequent manifestations are fever, hemorrhagic syndrome, anemia, secondary infections. Despite the infiltration of the bone marrow, bone pain does not always appear. Infiltration of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes is recorded in 30-50% of patients. CNS lesion is noted in 5-10% of cases, while in most children neurological symptoms are absent.
Skin lesion is most typical for a monocytic variant of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Extremely rarely isolated skin infiltration occurs when the disease is manifested, more often than not observed extramedullary chloromas in combination with a typical bone marrow infiltration. In the onset of acute myeloblastic leukemia, 3-5% of children show hyperleukocytosis, which is most typical for the monomonocytic and monocytic variants.
Classification of acute myeloblastic leukemia
Historically, the diagnosis of acute myeloblastic leukemia is based on cytomorphology. The disease is a morphologically heterogeneous group.
Currently, the classification according to the criteria of the FAB (French-American-British Cooperative Group) is generally accepted . The basis of this classification is the correspondence of the morphological substratum of leukemia to a certain number and the level of differentiation of normal hematopoietic cells.
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Treatment of acute myeloblastic leukemia
In modern hematology, leukemia therapy, including acute myeloblastic therapy, must be performed in specialized hospitals according to strict programs. The program (protocol) includes a list of necessary for diagnostic studies and a rigid schedule for their conduct. After the completion of the diagnostic stage, the patient receives the treatment prescribed by this protocol, with strict observance of the timing and order of the elements of therapy. Currently, there are several leading research groups in the world that analyze the diagnosis and treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in children in multicenter studies. These are the American research groups CCG (Children's Cancer Group) and POG (Pediatric Oncology Group), the British group MRC (Medical Research Council), the German group BFM (Berlin-Frankfurt-Miinster), the Japanese CCLG (Children's Cancer and Leukemia Study Group) LAME (Leucamie Aique Mycloi'de Enfant), Italian AIEOP (Associazione Italiana Ematologia ed Oncologia Pediatric), etc. The results of their research are the main sources of modern knowledge about the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of acute myelogenous leukemia in children.
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