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Symptoms of acute myeloblastic leukemia
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The debut of acute myeloblastic leukemia is almost devoid of specific features. The most frequent manifestations are fever, hemorrhagic syndrome, anemia, secondary infections. Despite the infiltration of the bone marrow, bone pain does not always appear. Infiltration of the liver, spleen and lymph nodes is recorded in 30-50% of patients. CNS lesion is noted in 5-10% of cases, while in most children neurological symptoms are absent.
Skin lesion is most typical for a monocytic variant of acute myeloblastic leukemia. Extremely rarely isolated skin infiltration occurs when the disease is manifested, more often than not observed extramedullary chloromas in combination with a typical bone marrow infiltration. In the onset of acute myeloblastic leukemia, 3-5% of children show hyperleukocytosis, which is most typical for the monomonocytic and monocytic variants. Manifestations of hyperleukocytosis may be respiratory distress syndrome due to impaired perfusion of the pulmonary capillaries and progressive neurological symptoms (headache, drowsiness, coma) due to hypoxia of the central nervous system. The promyelocytic variant of leukemia can manifest in the form of DIC-syndrome with the development of massive bleeding and thrombosis.
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