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Symptoms of acute myeloblastic leukemia
Last reviewed: 04.07.2025
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The onset of acute myeloblastic leukemia is almost devoid of specific features. The most common manifestations are fever, hemorrhagic syndrome, anemia, and secondary infections. Despite bone marrow infiltration, bone pain does not always occur. Infiltration of the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes is recorded in 30-50% of patients. CNS damage is noted in 5-10% of cases, while most children have no neurological symptoms.
Skin lesions are most characteristic of the monocytic variant of acute myeloid leukemia. Isolated skin infiltration occurs extremely rarely during the manifestation of the disease; extramedullary chloromas are more often observed in combination with typical bone marrow infiltration. At the onset of acute myeloid leukemia, hyperleukocytosis is detected in 3-5% of children, which is most characteristic of the mimomonocytic and monocytic variants. Manifestations of hyperleukocytosis may include respiratory distress syndrome due to impaired pulmonary capillary perfusion and progressive neurological symptoms (headache, drowsiness, coma) due to CNS hypoxia. The promyelocytic variant of leukemia may manifest as DIC syndrome with the development of massive bleeding and thrombosis.
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