Acute obstructive bronchitis in children

Acute obstructive bronchitis is an acute bronchitis that proceeds with bronchial obstruction syndrome. For acute obstructive bronchitis, wheezing is characteristic. Acute bronchiolitis is a type of acute obstructive bronchitis with a lesion of the small bronchi and bronchioles. Bronchiolitis is characterized by respiratory failure and an abundance of fine bubbling rales (children of the first two years of life often suffer).

Acute obstructive bronchitis is an acute bronchitis that occurs with bronchial obstruction syndrome, accompanied by a violation of bronchial patency due to swelling and edema of the bronchial mucosa (mainly small bronchi), vasosecretion and accumulation of viscous mucus on the walls and in the lumen of the bronchi. In addition, there is the addition of partial reflex spasm of the bronchi due to irritation of the mucosal interoreceptors.

See also: Acute bronchitis

[1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10]

What causes acute obstructive bronchitis in children?

Parainfluenza type 3 viruses, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses (PC viruses).

Edema and cellular infiltration of the mucous and submucous membranes of the bronchi, spasm of smooth muscles of the bronchi, hypersecretion and impaired microcirculation. Develop obstructive pulmonary ventilation.

How does acute obstructive bronchitis manifest in children?

Signs of shortness of breath may appear on the 1-2th day of SARS and during viral infection. Breathing becomes noisy, with an extended exhalation and whistling rattles heard from a distance. In infants, despite the lengthening of the exhalation, shortness of breath appears with the contraction of the pliant areas of the chest, which indicates that they also find it difficult to inhale. Characterized by paroxysmal, obsessive cough. With percussion over the lungs tympanitis, hard breathing is heard, multiple wheezing over the entire surface of the chest, wheezing can be heard from a distance. The timbre of wheezing, heard during auscultation, depends on the level of lesion of the bronchi: the smaller bronchi are involved in the process, the higher the timbre of wheezing. When accumulating in the bronchi of the liquid secretion, wet rales occur, unlike rales in acute pneumonia, they are devoid of sonority, constant localization and disappear after coughing, they are not constant throughout the day.

Symptoms of acute obstructive bronchitis

[11], [12], [13], [14]

Treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis in children

Hospitalization is indicated for infants and young children with moderate and severe acute obstructive bronchitis. Appointed sparing with the exception of external stimuli (unnecessary procedures, inspections). The presence of the mother of the child is obligatory. Maximum fresh air access is required (frequent airing of the room in which the sick child is located). The diet is physiological, taking into account the age of the child, force-feeding should not be. It is important to ensure an adequate water regime not only taking into account the age requirement, but also to ensure sufficient hydration of sputum to improve its evacuation from the respiratory tract. Given eaten recommend an increase in fluid volume of 1.3-1.5 times. Use tea, fruit broths, fruit and vegetable juices.

Antibiotics are not indicated if there are no changes in blood tests indicating bacterial inflammatory changes. The main treatment for acute obstructive bronchitis is the successful elimination of bronchial obstruction. This is the use of beta2-adrenomimetics, which give a positive effect rather quickly in most cases. In case of mild obstruction, salbutamol 1 mg can be administered orally to children aged 2-4 months and 2 mg per reception 2-3 years old at the age of 2-3 years per day.

Treatment of acute obstructive bronchitis

Treatment of obstructive bronchitis in children is a laborious process. Parents need to gain patience in the first place, because the child will have to undergo not only unpleasant medicines, but also to endure intramuscular injections if the disease progresses sharply.

The main drugs for this disease should be considered antibiotics. With the appearance of wheezing in the chest, which can be heard even from a distance, it indicates that the bronchi are almost completely clogged with the produced mucus, which is not able to eliminate itself. To alleviate the condition, diluting agents are taken, among which the most effective are inhalations.

It is important to remember that at this stage it is necessary to cause a cough, and not to fight it, therefore it is necessary to give expectorant, not antitussive. It is necessary to force sputum from a viscous state into a liquid one. After this transition, a cough appears, which is commonly called "raw", when in the process of cough, you can observe the release of mucus.

Before going directly to inhalation, you should consult a pediatrician. It is very easy to provoke a child's body to the occurrence of allergic reactions, which will greatly complicate the course of an already serious disease. In addition, the disease itself strikes the immune system, and a weakened immunity is an excellent basis for joining different infections. Therefore, even the smallest step in achieving recovery is best done under the supervision of physicians.

Special attention should be paid to acute obstructive bronchitis in children, which does not occur for the first time, with severe bronchial spasms, resembling an asthma attack. Such children should be treated only in the hospital, under the constant supervision of doctors. Drugs often require intravenous administration for more rapid and effective relief of the causes of the disease. At hand should always be a balloon inhaler with a medicinal substance removing bronchospasm.

To restore nasal breathing, nasal passages and vasoconstrictive droplets are used. If the indicators of body temperature are within the normal range, then physiotherapy can be carried out, which will be aimed at both diluting the sputum and relieving nasal congestion.

Most often, ostructive bronchitis is aggravated by the addition of a viral infection, therefore, body temperature tends to be high. In such cases, it is impossible to carry out thermal procedures. Many parents, in moments of congestion in the chest, resort to using mustard plaster or other improvised means. Until the body temperature is reduced to normal levels, it is impossible to warm the baby’s chest.

Good help in the dilution of sputum in the bronchi special massage exercises. In order to master them, parents must seek the help of a children's masseuse. During a consultation with specialists, one should learn about breathing exercises, which will also greatly alleviate the situation and help the bronchi to get rid of excess sputum.

With such a serious disease as obstructive bronchitis, the whole body suffers, so the treatment is carried out not symptomatic, aimed at removing any individual symptoms, but complex. This includes vitamin preparations and immunostimulants, and preparations to maintain normal intestinal microflora. With the presence of comorbidities, the appointment of parallel treatment is possible.

Obstructive bronchitis in children should be treated against a background of bed rest and a special diet. In the diet, priority is given to dairy products, abundant drinking, it is better if it is represented by fruit drinks, as well as foods with a high content of vitamins. Introduce more vegetable dishes, soups, based on non-fatty broths.