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Health

List Diseases – A

3 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
Aplastic anemia is a group of diseases, the main symptom of which is depression of bone marrow hematopoiesis according to bone marrow aspirate and biopsy data and peripheral pancytopenia (anemia of varying severity, thrombocytopenia, leukogranulocytopenia and reticulocytopenia) in the absence of diagnostic signs of leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, myelopathy and tumor metastases.

Aplasia of the hand is a complete absence of the rays of the hand with only the bones of the wrist present on the affected side. With such developmental defects, only prosthetics are possible.

Agenesis, or renal aplasia - a congenital single kidney, complete absence of the kidney and renal vessels accounts for 1% of all defects. The frequency of the anomaly, according to autopsy data, is 1 in 1100.
Apical periodontitis is more often called apical periodontitis, apex in Latin is the top, the upper part. Accordingly, the apical inflammatory process in the periodontium is a disease localized in the upper part of the tooth root.
Aphthous stomatitis is a form of stomatitis that manifests itself as ulcerative lesions in the oral cavity and is accompanied by discomfort.
Aphthous laryngitis is manifested by a rash on the mucous membrane of the pharynx and larynx of small superficial erosions covered with a fibrinous coating, initially yellowish, then gray in color, surrounded by a bright red border.

The loss of the ability to produce a voice is called "aphonia." A person speaks only in a whisper, without the hoarseness or wheezing characteristic of dysphonic disorders.

Aphasia is a disorder or loss of speech function - a violation of active (expressive) speech and its understanding (or its non-verbal equivalents) as a result of damage to the speech centers in the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia or white matter containing the conductors connecting them.
Aphakia is the absence of a lens. An eye without a lens is called aphakic. Congenital aphakia is rare.

Everyone probably knows what a coma or comatose state is. But not many are familiar with the term "apallic syndrome". Apallic syndrome is a type of coma - a vegetative state in which there is a profound disorder of the cerebral cortex function.

Aortocoronary bypass, coronary artery bypass grafting, heart bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure to place "shunts" (bypasses) around narrow or blocked sections of coronary arteries
Aortitis is an inflammation of the aorta, sometimes leading to the development of an aneurysm or occlusion.

As a result of such changes, the aortic wall becomes less elastic, and this can negatively affect the hemodynamic function of the aorta, which ensures the continuity of the flow of oxygenated blood through other arterial vessels.

Aortic stenosis is a narrowing of the aortic valve that limits blood flow from the left ventricle into the ascending aorta during systole. Causes include congenital bicuspid aortic valve, idiopathic degenerative sclerosis with calcification, and rheumatic fever.

Aortic stenosis is a defect characterized by narrowing of the valve, subvalvular or supravalvular orifice. With stenosis, hypertrophy of the left ventricular myocardium develops with a decrease in its cavity, since the left ventricular myocardium works with increased load due to the obstruction of blood ejection into the aorta.
Aortic regurgitation is a failure of the aortic valve to close, resulting in flow from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole.
Aortic insufficiency can be caused either by primary damage to the aortic valve leaflets or by damage to the aortic root, which currently accounts for more than 50% of all cases of isolated aortic insufficiency.

Aortic dissection is the penetration of blood through cracks in the inner lining of the aorta with dissection of the inner and middle linings and the creation of a false lumen.

Symptoms of aortic dissection may vary. Aortic dissection may occur in patients with arterial hypertension, previous vascular surgery, Marfan syndrome, and other hereditary connective tissue diseases.
Aneurysms can develop in any main branch of the aorta. These aneurysms are much less common than abdominal or thoracic aortic aneurysms. Risk factors include atherosclerosis, hypertension, smoking, and older age. Localized infection can cause mycotic aneurysms.

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