List Diseases – H
Hypopigmentation and depigmentation of the skin are accompanied by a significant decrease or complete disappearance of melanin. They can be congenital and acquired, limited and diffuse. An example of depigmentation of a congenital nature is albinism.
The term "hypophyseal nanism" (from the Greek nanos - dwarf; syn: dwarfism, nanosomy, microsomia) in the absolute sense means a disease, the main manifestation of which is a sharp lag in growth, associated with a violation of the secretion of growth hormone in the anterior pituitary gland.
Hypoparathyroidism - deficiency of parathyroid gland function, characterized by decreased production of parathyroid hormone and a violation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism.
Hypoparathyroidism, or deficiency of parathyroid glands, is a disease associated with a change in the secretion of parathyroid hormone, characterized by pronounced disturbances in the phosphorus-calcium metabolism.
Hyponatremia is a pathological condition characterized by a decrease in sodium in the blood of less than 135 mmol / l. Hyponatremia reflects the excess of total water in the body (OBO) relative to the total sodium content in the body.
Hypomelanosis is a pathology of the formation of pigmentation of the skin on the background of a disease.
Hypomagnesium - the concentration of magnesium in the plasma is less than 1.4 meq / l (<0.7 mmol / l). Possible reasons include insufficient intake and absorption of magnesium, increased excretion due to hypercalcemia or the administration of preparations of the furosemide type. Symptoms of hypomagnesemia are associated with concomitant hypokalemia and hypocalcemia, include lethargy, tremor, tetany, convulsions, arrhythmias.
In many people, this pathology is associated with changes in the myocardium after a heart attack. In this case, the passage of the contractive wave worsens on the scar site, which leads to the appearance of hypokinesia.
Hypokalemia is a condition in which the potassium concentration in the blood serum is below 3.5 mmol / l (lead and more stringent criteria for hypokalemia - the potassium level is below 3.2 mmol / l).
Hypogonadism, or testicular failure - a pathological condition, the clinical picture of which is caused by a decrease in the level of androgens in the body, is characterized by underdevelopment of the genitals, secondary sexual characteristics and, as a rule, infertility.
Hypoglycemic coma - a condition caused by a decrease in blood glucose levels below 2.8 mmol / l (in newborns below 2.2 mmol / l).
Hypoglycemia is a clinical syndrome caused by a decrease in blood glucose and characterized by clinical signs of activation of the autonomic nervous system and neuroglycopenic symptoms.
Hypoglycemia not associated with exogenous administration of insulin is an infrequent clinical syndrome characterized by low plasma glucose, symptomatic stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, and dysfunction of the central nervous system.
Ovarian hypofunction, resulting from damage at the level of the ovary itself, is primary. This form is also different in pathogenesis.
Hypohydrosis due to skin lesions is rarely clinically significant. The disease develops in places of skin lesions [trauma, infection (leprosy) or inflammation] or due to atrophy of the glands of connective tissue (with scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome).
Hypochondria is a fear of a serious illness, based on an erroneous interpretation of physical symptoms or normal functioning of the body. Hypochondria is not intentional; the exact cause is unknown
Hypocalcemic crisis - a condition characterized by increased neural-reflex excitability and attacks of tetany due to persistent decrease in the level of calcium in the blood.
Hypocalcemia is the total plasma calcium concentration of less than 8.8 mg / dl (<2.20 mmol / L) at normal plasma protein concentrations or an ionized calcium concentration of less than 4.7 mg / dL (<1.17 mmol / L). Possible causes include hypoparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency, kidney disease.
In this state there is a regression of motives and hypokinesia (a sedentary lifestyle), and besides this the patient develops a subjective feeling of helplessness and constant fatigue.
Hypoaldosteronism is one of the least studied questions of clinical endocrinology. Information about this disease is not available in the manuals and in the textbooks of endocrinology, in spite of the fact that isolated hypoaldosteronism as an independent clinical syndrome is described more than 30 years ago.