Hypochondria: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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Hypochondria is a fear of a serious illness, based on an erroneous interpretation of physical symptoms or normal functioning of the body. Hypochondria is not intentional; the exact cause is unknown. The diagnosis is established if the fear and symptoms persist for 6 months or more despite assurances after a thorough medical examination. Treatment involves the establishment of persistent supportive relationships between the doctor and the patient; psychotherapy and drug therapy can help.
Hypochondria usually begins in early adulthood and about the same frequency among men and among women.
[Symptoms of Hypochondria
A large number of fears are due to erroneous interpretation of non-pathological physical symptoms or normal functioning of the body (for example, rumbling in the abdomen, discomfort due to swelling and spasms, concern about the heart, sweating). The localization, quality and duration of symptoms are often described by minute in detail, but these symptoms are usually not associated with pathological physical data. Symptoms adversely affect social or occupational functioning or cause severe distress.
This diagnosis can be suspected on the basis of anamnestic information, and it is confirmed if the symptoms persist for 6 months or more after the examination and the doctor's assurances of groundlessness of concern. Symptoms can not be explained by depression or other mental disorders.
Prognosis and treatment of hypochondria
The course is usually chronic - some fluctuating, others constant; some patients recover. Treatment is usually difficult because patients feel that a serious mistake has occurred and the doctor could not find the real cause of the suffering. Trustful relationships with an attentive, reassuring doctor can help improve the condition. If the symptoms do not adequately stop, then it is probably better to refer the patient to a psychiatrist, rather than continue treatment under the supervision of a general practitioner. Treatment with SSRIs can be effective, as well as cognitive-behavioral therapy.