List Diseases – B
Acute and chronic berylliosis is caused by the inhalation of dust or vapors of beryllium compounds and products. Acute berylliosis is currently rare; Chronic berylliosis is characterized by the formation of granulomas throughout the body, especially in the lungs, intrathoracic lymph nodes and skin.
Benzodiazepines belong to those medicines that are particularly widely used throughout the world. They are mainly used to treat anxiety disorders and insomnia. Despite widespread use, targeted abuse of benzodiazepines is relatively rare. To date, there are conflicting data on the development of tolerance
Epithelial tumors of the small intestine are represented by an adenoma. It has the appearance of a polyp on the pedicle or on a broad base and can be tubular (adenomatous polyp), villous and tubulovorsinous. Adenomas in the small intestine are rarely seen, most often in the duodenum. A combination of adenoma of the distal ileum with adenomatosis of the colon is possible.
Benign tumors of the pancreas are extremely rare: according to a number of pathologists, they are detected in 0.001-0.003% of cases. These are lipomas, fibromas, myxomes, chondromas, adenomas, hematomas, lymphangiomas, neurinomas, schwannomas and some others.
Tumors of the ovaries occupy the second place among all neoplasms of the female genital organs, after uterine myoma. They occur at any age, but mostly after 40 years. Among them prevalent benign forms (75-80%), malignant forms occur in 20-25%. Over the past 10 years, the incidence of genital cancers has increased by 15%.
Benign tumors of the ovaries are primarily functional cysts and tumors; most have an asymptomatic course.
Neoplasms of the middle pharynx make, according to different authors, from 0.5 to 5% of all human tumors. As well as neoplasms of other localizations, tumor lesions of the oropharynx are liable to tumor-like formations and true tumors. True tumors can be benign and malignant.
In this area, tumors can sometimes develop from tissues that form the morphological basis of the organs of these anatomical formations: epithelium and connective tissue, for example, papillomas, epitheliomas, adenomas, fibromas, lipomas, chondromes, less often vascular tumors-angiomas, lymphomas.
Vascular neoplasms dominate in this group (25%), neurogenic tumors (neurinoma, neurofibroma, optic neoplasms) are about 16%.
Benign tumors of the nose can develop from any tissue contained in this anatomical formation.
The most common benign tumors of the nasopharynx of the papilloma and juvenile (juvenile) angiofibroma. Papilloma is more often localized on the back surface of the soft palate, less often on the side and back walls of the nasopharynx.
Tumors of the nasal cavity are relatively rare diseases. Much more often diagnosed tumors of the paranasal sinuses and, in particular, tumors of the maxillary sinus. Malignant tumors of this region make, according to different authors, from 0.2 to 1.4% of cancer tumors of other localizations.
Tumors of the middle ear - a rare phenomenon, but when they occur, there are significant problems related to both diagnosis and treatment. Tumors of the middle ear are divided into benign and malignant.
Benign liver tumors occur quite often. As a rule, they are asymptomatic, but in some cases they cause hepatomegaly, discomfort in the right upper quadrant or abdominal hemorrhage.
The laryngeal chondroma is a very rare disease, almost always localized on the plate of cricoid cartilage, from which, growing, penetrates into various areas of the larynx. Romanian otorhinolaryngologists found that in 1952 only 87 cases of this disease were described in the world literature. Less commonly, laryngeal chondroma develops on the epiglottis and thyroid cartilage.
Up to 84% of iris tumors are benign, more than half of them (54-62%) are myogenic in nature.
Benign tumors of the eyelids constitute the main group of tumors of the eyelids.
Benign tumors of the outer ear - seborrheic and dermoid cysts (on the anti-pedicle and lobe), fibromas (true, fascicular, keploid), nevi (pigment or vascular), kondilloma (in the anterior ear incision between the percutaneous tubercle and leg of the curl), chondrophybras, often the wrestlers and boxers arising as a result of the fibrous organization of hematoma, chondroma, papilloma, neurinoma, hemangioma, osteoma (in the osseous part of the external auditory canal).
In the conjunctiva and the cornea, benign tumors (dermoids, dermolipomas, pigmentary tumors) prevail, and in childhood they constitute more than 99% of all tumors of this localization.
Benign tumors of the choroid are rare, they are represented by hemangioma, osteoma and fibrotic histiocytoma.