List Diseases – M
Malnutrition is observed not only in third world countries, but also in highly developed countries. This trend has a negative impact not only on the health of the population, but also on the condition of future generations.
Mallory-Weiss syndrome is a nonpenetrating laceration of the mucosa of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach caused by vomiting, retching, or hiccups.
Adenocarcinomas of the small intestine are rare. Tumors arising in the area of the major duodenal papilla (Vaters) have a villous surface and are usually ulcerated. In other areas, an endophytic type of growth is possible, with the tumor stenotic of the intestinal lumen. Signet ring cell carcinoma is extremely rare.
Malignant tumors of the pharynx are a rare disease. According to statistical data from the mid-20th century, obtained at the Leningrad Institute of Oncology, out of 11 thousand cases of malignant neoplasms of various localizations, only 125 were tumors of the pharynx.
Of the malignant neoplasms of the oropharynx, cancer is most often observed, sarcoma is less common, lymphoepitheliomas and lymphomas are rare. Malignant tumors develop mainly in people over 40 years of age.
According to modern data, malignant tumors of the nose are quite rare in otolaryngology (0.5% of all tumors), with squamous cell carcinoma accounting for 80% of cases; esthesioneuroblastoma (from the olfactory epithelium) is also encountered.
Of the malignant tumors of the nasopharynx, cancer develops most frequently. According to research, malignant tumors of the nasopharynx account for 0.25-2% of malignant tumors of all localizations and 40% of malignant tumors of the pharynx.
The most common forms of cancer are squamous cell cancers of the maxillary sinus, which account for 80-90% of malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.
Malignant tumors of the middle ear occur equally in both sexes, epitheliomas occur between 40 and 50 years of age, and sarcomas - up to 10 years of age. Malignant tumors of the middle ear are divided into primary and secondary.
Tumor lesions of the maxillary sinus are within the competence of maxillofacial surgeons (primarily), and in some clinical and anatomical variants, especially those concerning maxillary-ethmoidal mixes, are within the competence of rhinologists.
In the vast majority of cases, these tumors are undifferentiated epitheliomas and originate from one part of the ethmoid labyrinth. These tumors metastasize to distant bones and lungs.
These tumors occur very rarely and are much more often represented by epitheliomas. In the initial period, they most often proceed under the guise of chronic pharyngitis, however, with timely trepanopuncture of the frontal sinus and aspiration biopsy, the tumor can be recognized using histological examination.
Tumors of the orbit make up 23-25% of all neoplasms of the visual organ. Almost all tumors observed in humans develop in it. The frequency of primary tumors is 94.5%, secondary and metastatic - 5.5%.
Spinocellular epidermoid epitheliomas, the most common, evolve very quickly and are localized most often on the auricle, appearing as a wart-like formation, grown into the underlying tissue with its entire base, often bleeding when rubbed against a pillow during sleep or carelessly touching the auricle.
Malignant tumors can develop from a series of relatively benign growths that precede them (malignancy), which are called precancerous tumors.
These tumors are very rare and are represented by epitheliomas and sarcomas. They most often occur in adults and are equally common, like malignant tumors of the other paranasal sinuses, in males and females.
Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva and cornea is rare. Provoking factors include ultraviolet radiation, human papillomavirus and HIV infection.
Malignant syringoma (syn.: sclerosing carcinoma of the sweat gland duct, syringomatous carcinoma, microcystic adnexal carcinoma, syringoid eccrine carcinoma, eccrine epithelioma, basal cell epithelioma with eccrine differentiation, eccrine carcinoma with syringomatous structures, eccrine basalioma, etc.).
Malignant pilomatricoma (syn.: pilomatricarcinoma, calcified epitheliocarcinoma, malignant pilomatricoma, trichomatrical carcinoma, pilomatrix carcinoma) is a very rare tumor that occurs as a nodule, usually on the skin of the trunk or extremities in middle-aged people and does not have pathognomonic clinical signs.
Secondary ovarian cancer (cystadenocarcinoma) is the most common malignant tumor of this organ. It most often develops in serous, less often mucinous cystadenomas. Endometrioid cystadenocarcinoma, which often develops in young women suffering from primary infertility, is a secondary ovarian lesion.