Diseases starting with a letter g

List Diseases – G

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Glucosuria. Causes. Symptoms. Diagnosis. Treatment

Glucosuria is an increase in the excretion of glucose in the urine. Renal glucosuria is often an independent disease; it is usually discovered by chance; polyuria and polydipsia are observed extremely rarely. Sometimes renal glucosuria is accompanied by other tubulopathies, including those in Fanconi syndrome.

Glucosteroma

Glucosteroma occurs in 25-30% of patients with signs of total hypercorticism. Among other cortical tumors, it is also the most common. Patients in this group are considered to be the most severe in their condition.

Glucose-galactose malabsorption

Glucose-galactose malabsorption is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with a defect in the glucose-galactose transport protein. Mutations are possible in chromosome 22 of the gene encoding the protein. In this disorder, monosaccharide absorption is impaired in the intestine, causing osmotic diarrhea that quickly leads to dehydration. Glucose reabsorption in the renal tubules may be impaired. Fructose absorption is not impaired.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency

The most common enzymopathy is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, found in approximately 300 million people; in second place is pyruvate kinase deficiency, found in several thousand patients in the population; other types of red blood cell enzymatic defects are rare.

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is an X-linked enzyme disorder, more common in blacks, and hemolysis may occur after acute illness or ingestion of oxidants (including salicylates and sulfonamides).

Glucagonoma

Glucagonoma is an A-cell pancreatic tumor that produces glucagon, clinically manifesting itself as a combination of characteristic skin changes and metabolic disorders. The glucagonoma syndrome was deciphered in 1974 by C. N. Mallinson et al. In 95% of cases, the tumor is located intrapancreatically, in 5% - extrapancreatically. Only cases of solitary tumors were observed. In more than 60% of patients, it is malignant. Sometimes glucagonoma produces other peptides - insulin, PP.

Glucagonoma

Glucagonoma is a tumor of the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans that secretes glucagon, which leads to the development of a complex of symptoms, most often including dermatitis, diabetes, anemia and weight loss.

Glomus tumor of the middle ear: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Glomus tumor is a type of paraganglia, which are clusters of hormone-active and receptor cells that have a common origin with the autonomic nervous system.

Glomerulonephritis - Information Overview

Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases characterized by inflammatory changes, mainly in the glomeruli of the kidneys, and associated clinical signs - proteinuria, hematuria, often sodium and water retention, edema, arterial hypertension, and decreased renal function.

Gliomas: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Gliomas are primary tumors that develop from the brain parenchyma. Symptoms and diagnosis are the same as for other brain tumors. Treatment is surgical, radiological, and for some tumors, chemotherapeutic. Excision rarely leads to a cure.

Glioma of the brain

Among the many tumor processes of the central nervous system most often diagnosed glioma of the brain - this term is a collective, the neoplasm combines all diffuse oligodendroglial and astrocytic foci, astrocytoma, astroblastoma and so on.

Glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is an aggressive, high-grade form of brain tumor that originates from glial cells, which support and protect nerve cells in the brain. Glioblastoma is one of the most common and dangerous forms of brain tumors.

Glaucoma in children: causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment

Glaucoma is a pathology that is rarely encountered in childhood. Childhood glaucoma unites a large group of various diseases.

Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a chronic eye disease, the most important symptoms of which are increased intraocular pressure, as well as deterioration of visual functions (field and visual acuity, adaptation, etc.) and the development of marginal excavation of the optic nerve papilla.

Glandular cheilitis

Glandular cheilitis is more common in men, mainly 50-60 years old. Glandular cheilitis develops as a result of hyperfunction and hyperplasia of the minor salivary glands on the border strip between the mucous membrane and the red border of the lips (Klein's zone).

Gingival retraction

In dental practice, gingival retraction is a procedure that widens the gingival sulcus - the space between the tooth surface and the surrounding gum tissue - by pulling or pushing back (trahere means "to drag" or "to pull" in Latin) the edge of the gum adjacent to the necks of the teeth.

Gingival exostosis

This neoplasm is formed from periodontal cartilage and belongs to a number of benign tumors with no tendency to malignancy.

Gingival abscess

A periodontal (periodontal) abscess – or, more simply, a gum abscess – is the formation of a cavity filled with purulent contents in the periodontal tissue. The inflammation is localized in the area next to the tooth and looks like a small formation inside the gum.

Gilbert's syndrome

Gilbert's syndrome is a hereditary disease and is transmitted in an autosomal dominant manner. The pathogenesis of the disease is based on the deficiency of the enzyme glucuronyl transferase in hepatocytes, which conjugates bilirubin with glucuronic acid.

Gigantocellular arteritis

Giant cell arteritis is a granulomatous inflammation of the aorta and its branches. The disease develops in people over 50 years of age and is combined with such a disease as rheumatic polymyalgia.

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List Diseases – G

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