List Diseases – V
Vitamin B6 is found in large quantities in fresh vegetables, cereals, yeast, meat, egg yolks and other products. Therefore, true hypo- or avitaminosis of vitamin B6 is very rare and mainly occurs in infants.
Vitamin B12 (cobalamin - Cbl) enters the body mainly with animal products (such as meat, milk) and is absorbed.
Visceral leishmaniasis in the Old World has two varieties - Mediterranean (childhood) visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and Indian visceral leishmaniasis (adult leishmaniasis, kala-azar).
Virilizing tumors (Latin virilis - male) are hormonally active neoplasms that secrete male sex hormones - androgens (T, A, DHEA). Virilizing ovarian tumors are a rare form of pathology. N. S. Torgushina has identified androblastomas in 0.09% of 2,309 ovarian tumors over 25 years.
Viral pneumonias are caused by various viruses (they are listed at the beginning of the chapter). In adults, the most common causes are influenza A and B viruses, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus.
Viral meningitis is considered one of the relatively favorable types of inflammation and is most often treated on an outpatient basis. Viral meningitis mainly affects children, less often young people under 30 years old, the epidemiological peak occurs in the summer and is associated with an outbreak of enterovirus infections, respectively, the causative agent of the disease in 80% of cases is RNA-containing enteroviruses ECHO.
Viral hemorrhagic fevers are a group of special natural focal infectious diseases that are registered on all continents of the world except Australia. The diseases are characterized by specific damage to the hemostasis system (vascular, platelet and plasma links) of a person, multiple organ pathology with the development of pronounced hemorrhagic and intoxication syndromes, and high mortality.
Viral encephalitis is a large group of acute infectious diseases of the central nervous system caused by neurotropic viruses, mainly from the genus arboviruses, transmitted to humans by blood-sucking arthropod vectors. The genus arboviruses includes alphaviruses and flaviviruses. They are part of the togavirus family (Togaviridae).
Viral conjunctivitis is a highly contagious acute infection of the conjunctiva, usually caused by an adenovirus. Symptoms include irritation, lacrimation, photophobia, and mucous or purulent discharge.
Children often develop pharyngoconjunctival fever, less often - epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Viral conjunctivitis is almost always accompanied by a general reaction of the body in the form of damage to the upper respiratory tract, increased body temperature, sleep disturbances and the appearance of dyspepsia, soreness and enlargement of the lymph nodes.
Vipoma is a tumor of the APUD system that produces excessive amounts of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. In 90% of cases, the tumor is localized in the pancreas, in 10% it is extrapancreatic (in the sympathetic trunk). In approximately half of the cases, the tumor is malignant.
A viper bite – what could be more frightening? That’s what everyone who hears about it thinks. No one wants to be bitten by a snake. Many people think that a snake bite is extremely dangerous and can be fatal. There is some truth in that. But is it really that scary? Let’s look into this issue.
Today, poisoning with various substances occurs quite often. At the same time, poisonings are increasingly observed that occur not as a result of exposure to strong toxins and poisons, but as a result of the ingestion of household substances that, at first glance, are quite harmless.
Vinegar, like any other substance, can be both beneficial and harmful to humans. The benefits of vinegar are undeniable: it is widely used in everyday life and cooking. Cooking and canning cannot be done without vinegar.
Empyema of the pleura in most cases is a complication of inflammatory and purulent-destructive diseases of the lungs, injuries and surgical interventions on the organs of the chest and is the most complex section in thoracic surgery.
Vestibular neuronitis is an acute (viral) lesion of the vestibular ganglion, vestibular nuclei and other retrolabyrinthine structures, identified as an independent nosological form in 1949 by the American otolaryngologist C. Hallpike.
Vestibular ataxia reveals itself by the patient's unsteadiness when standing or sitting, and especially when walking.
Vesiculopustulosis is a purulent inflammation of the orifices of the merocrine sweat glands. The disease vesiculopustulosis begins with the orifice of the sweat glands. The main symptoms of vesiculopustulosis are the formation of pustules the size of a pinhead in the orifice of the sweat glands, surrounded by a rim of hyperemia with a dense cover.
Vesicular stomatitis is an acute infectious disease that often affects representatives of the animal world (mainly cattle).
Vesicoureteral reflux is a pathological condition characterized by the reverse flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract due to a malfunction of the ureterovesical segment valve mechanism.