List Diseases – H
Hernia is the protrusion of internal organs or parts thereof through openings in anatomical intermediate spaces under the skin, into intermuscular spaces or internal pockets and cavities.
One of the most common diseases that provoke back pain is the vertebral hernia. Vertebral hernia is the damage to the fibrous ring of the intervertebral disc and the displacement of part of the pulpous nucleus beyond its boundaries, resulting in compression on the spinal cord and blood vessels.
Hermaphroditism is a two-cavity, that is, one person has signs of a female and a male gender. Distinguish false and true hermaphroditism.
Tubulopathy is a heterogeneous group of diseases combined by the presence of disorders in the tubular epithelium of the nephron functions of one or more enzyme proteins that cease to function as a reabsorption of one or several substances filtered from the blood through the glomeruli into tubules, which determines the development of the disease. There are primary and secondary tubulopathies.
Hereditary syndrome of the extended QT interval is a genetically heterogeneous pathology with a high risk of sudden cardiac death. The autosomal recessive form of the long QT syndrome syndrome, the Jervell-Lange-Nielsen syndrome, was discovered in 1957, it is rarely seen. The prolongation of the QT interval and the risk of sudden cardiac death due to the development of life-threatening arrhythmias are associated with this syndrome with congenital deafness. More common is the autosomal dominant form - the Romano-Ward syndrome, it has an isolated "cardiac" phenotype.
Hereditary spherocytosis and hereditary elliptocytosis are congenital anomalies of the erythrocyte membrane. With hereditary spherocytosis and elliptocytosis, the symptoms are usually mild and include anemia of varying severity, jaundice and splenomegaly.
Hereditary spherocytosis (Minkowski-Schoffar's disease) is hemolytic anemia, which is based on structural or functional disorders of membrane proteins, which proceeds with intracellular hemolysis.
Hereditary neuropathies of the optic nerve are genetic defects that cause loss of vision, sometimes in combination with cardiac or neurological abnormalities. Effective treatment does not exist.
Hereditary non-lipoprotein colorectal carcinoma (NSCP) is an autosomal dominant disease, representing 3-5% of cases of colorectal cancer. Symptoms, primary diagnosis and treatment are similar to other forms of colorectal cancer. Suspicion of NCCP follows from an anamnesis and requires confirmation by genetic research
Hereditary neuropathies are congenital degenerative neurological disorders. Distinguish sensorimotor and sensory hereditary neuropathies.
Hereditary nephritis (Alport syndrome) is a genetically determined nonimmune glomerulopathy, occurring with hematuria, a progressive decrease in renal function.
Hereditary intracellular disturbances of platelets are rare diseases and lead to the manifestation of bleeding throughout life. The diagnosis is confirmed by the study of platelet aggregation. In the presence of severe manifestations of bleeding, transfusion of platelets is necessary.
This is a heterogeneous group of rare diseases. In patients with pure cone dystrophy, only the function of the cone system suffers. With cone-rod dystrophy, the function of the rod system suffers, but to a lesser extent.
Genetically determined lung diseases are detected in 4-5% of children with recurrent and chronic diseases of the respiratory system. It is accepted to distinguish monogeneously inherited lung diseases and lung lesions that accompany other types of hereditary pathology (cystic fibrosis, primary immunodeficiencies, hereditary connective tissue diseases, etc.).
Congenital malformations of the kidneys and urinary tract account for up to 30% of the total number of congenital anomalies in the population. Hereditary nephropathies and renal dysplasia are complicated by chronic renal failure already in childhood and constitute approximately 10% of all cases of terminal chronic insufficiency in children and young adults.
The simultaneous pathological increase in the size of visceral organs such as the liver (in Latin - hepar) and the spleen (in Greek - splen) is defined in medicine as hepatosplenomegaly.
Hepatopulmonary syndrome - hypoxemia caused by vasodilation in patients with portal hypertension; Dyspnea and hypoxemia are worse in an upright position.
Hepatolyenal syndrome is a combined increase in the spleen and liver caused by both a protective reaction to microbial aggression and a specific joint lesion of these organs. FROM
Hepatocellular carcinoma is formed in 5-15% of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis of the liver. The role of alcohol in carcinogenesis has not yet been elucidated. An increased incidence of cancer of the oral cavity (except for the lips), pharynx, larynx, esophagus in patients with chronic alcoholism.
Hepatoblastoma is a rare tumor that affects children under 4 years of age, regardless of sex; it rarely develops in older children and adults.