Treatment of acute cystitis with medications

Most often, bladder inflammation occurs in a chronic form, periodically worsening. Today, there are many medications used to treat cystitis of various etiologies.

Main groups of drugs in the treatment of acute cystitis

1. Since the disease is bacterial in nature, the basis of treatment is broad-spectrum antibiotics. They have many contraindications and side effects, so they can only be used as prescribed by a doctor.

• Flaprox

An antibacterial agent for systemic use with the active component ciprofloxacin. It is used for inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs, genitourinary system. It is effective for lower respiratory tract infections caused by gram-negative microorganisms. Infections of the gastrointestinal tract, bones and joints, neutropenia. For uncomplicated cystitis, take 250 mg twice a day for three days.

• Levoximed

A synthesized antibiotic from the fluoroquinolone group. Contains the active ingredient - levofloxacin 500 mg / 100 ml. Affects the DNA of bacterial cells of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. It is used for chronic and acute inflammatory and infectious processes in the genitourinary system, pneumonia, damage to the prostate gland, soft tissues. The dosage depends on the severity of the disease. On average, the daily dose is 500 mg, divided into two doses. The duration of treatment is from 7 to 14 days.

• Furazolidone

An antibacterial drug of the nitrofuran group. Contains the active ingredient - furazolidone 500 mg. Has pronounced antimicrobial activity against gram-negative aerobic microorganisms and to a lesser extent against gram-positive aerobes. Low doses have a bacteriostatic effect, and increased dosage - a bactericidal effect.

It is used to treat infectious diseases of the genitourinary system, gastrointestinal tract, and skin. It is also used for food poisoning. The drug is taken 2-3 capsules 3-4 times a day. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician.

For a list of antibiotics used to treat acute cystitis, read this article.

2. Another group of drugs are herbal preparations, i.e. herbal-based products. In acute bladder inflammation, they are often used as an adjuvant to complex therapy.

• Tsunami

A biologically active supplement, the action of which is aimed at improving the functions of the urinary system. Prevents the spread of pathogenic agents in the urinary tract. It is used to prevent bacterial cystitis, non-specific urethritis, urinary tract infections during surgical and diagnostic manipulations. The dietary supplement is taken 1-2 capsules 2-3 times a day 20 minutes after meals. The duration of treatment is from 3 to 4 weeks.

• Urolesan

A herbal remedy with a combined composition. It has antiseptic properties, increases diuresis, improves renal blood flow, enhances bile formation and secretion. It is used for stones in the urinary and gall bladder, kidney diseases, cholecystitis, dyskinesia. Urolesan is taken 2-3 times a day, dripping 5-10 drops on a piece of sugar. For pain in the earlobes and bladder, the dosage is increased to 15-20 drops.

• Phytolite

A plant-based preparation. Contains extracts of hawthorn, knotweed, St. John's wort, horsetail and avisan. Has antispasmodic, diuretic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Normalizes mineral metabolism, exhibits antimicrobial and antiseptic activity. It is used for urolithiasis, in the complex therapy of chronic inflammatory diseases of the urinary tract. The preparation is taken 2-3 capsules before meals three times a day. Duration of treatment is 20-30 days.

3. The third group of medications are analgesics and antispasmodics for relieving pain.

• Ibuclin

A combination drug with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties. It is used for rheumatic diseases, traumatic lesions of soft tissues. Pain in the genitourinary system, spine, as well as myalgia, toothache, infectious and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The drug is taken 1 tablet 2-3 times a day. The duration of therapy depends on the severity of the pathological condition.

• Diclofenac

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with the active component - sodium diclofenac 25 mg. It has pronounced anti-inflammatory, analgesic and moderate antipyretic properties. It is used for pain syndrome of various etiologies, moderate and moderate intensity. The drug is administered intramuscularly at 75 mg 1-2 times a day, the course of treatment is 4-5 days.

• Fanigan

Painkiller with paracetamol 500 mg and diclofenac sodium 50 mg. Has analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects. Used for pain syndrome of various origins and severity. For cystitis, take 2-3 tablets per day. The duration of treatment should not exceed 5-7 days.

4. Probiotics are also used for treatment. Their action is aimed at restoring healthy microflora in the intestines and vagina.

• Acipol

Probiotic is a lyophilized mixture of live lactobacilli and kefir fungi. It has antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microorganisms that cause infectious lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. It is used to restore intestinal microflora after long-term use of antibiotics, in acute intestinal infections, dysbacteriosis, and nutritional disorders.

• Probifor

Bifidobacteria that improve digestion processes. Has an antidiarrheal effect, normalizes intestinal microflora. Has immunomodulatory properties. Has an antagonistic effect on pathogenic intestinal flora. Accelerates the implementation of the anti-infective action of other medications. The medicine is taken orally, the dosage and duration of therapy are determined by the doctor.

• Bifiform

Normalizes intestinal microflora, used for treatment and prevention of dysbacteriosis, diarrhea, conditions after long-term antibacterial therapy. The medicine is taken 2-4 capsules per day.

Painkillers for acute cystitis

Acute inflammatory process in the bladder causes severe pain in the lower abdomen, burning, itching, frequent urge to urinate. In some cases, painful symptoms are so pronounced that the patient has to stay in bed.

Pain syndrome in acute cystitis occurs due to the following factors:

• Infection – bacterial and viral pathogens cause swelling of the bladder tissue, formation of erosions on the mucous membranes, and irritation of the urine.
• Spasms of smooth muscles of the bladder - the inflammatory process causes contraction of muscle tissue, which leads to circulatory disorders and difficult urine outflow. Expressed congestion increases discomfort and pain.

To eliminate acute pain, painkillers are used. For acute cystitis, the following drugs are most often used:

1. Aspirin

A combination drug with the active component acetylsalicylic acid. It has analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory properties.

• Indications for use: pain syndrome of weak and moderate intensity of various origins. Inflammatory processes in the genitourinary system, headache and toothache, algomenorrhea. Feverish conditions, thrombophlebitis, thrombosis, cerebrovascular accidents, ischemia.
• Directions for use: orally 1-2 tablets per day, maximum daily dose – 8 capsules. Duration of treatment depends on the severity of pain.
• Side effects: allergic reactions, skin itching, urticaria, swelling of the nasal mucosa. In rare cases, reactions from the gastrointestinal tract develop: nausea, vomiting, bleeding, thrombocytopenia.
• Contraindications: pathological tendency to bleeding, asthma, hypersensitivity to salicylates, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, gastrointestinal diseases, renal dysfunction, last trimester of pregnancy.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, epigastric pain, dizziness and headaches, decreased visual acuity and hearing, drowsiness, shortness of breath. Treatment is symptomatic with gastric lavage.

Release form: tablets and soluble capsules, 10 pieces per blister.

2. Baralgin

Antispasmodic and analgesic. Used for smooth muscle spasms, bladder tenesmus, renal/hepatic colic. Effective for gastrointestinal spasms and spastic dysmenorrhea. The drug is taken 1-2 tablets 3 times a day; in particularly severe cases, intramuscular/intravenous administration of the drug is indicated.

Baralgin is contraindicated in granulocytopenia, tachyarrhythmia, increased intraocular pressure, coronary circulatory failure, prostate hypertrophy. Side effects include allergic rashes, itching, granulocytopenia and require discontinuation of the drug. Available in tablets of 20 pieces per package and in 5 ml ampoules of 5 pieces per package.

3. Ketanov

Contains the active ingredient - ketorolac, which has an analgesic and anti-inflammatory effect. The active substance inhibits platelet aggregation caused by arachidonic acid and collagen. Does not affect ATP-induced platelet aggregation.

• Indications for use: short-term treatment to relieve moderate and severe pain of various etiologies. The drug is effective in acute cystitis, toothache, renal and hepatic colic, sprains, dislocations, fractures, migraines, radiculitis, cancer pain.
• The method of administration and dosage depend on the form of the painkiller. 10 mg is administered intramuscularly, followed by a dosage of 10-30 mg every 4-6 hours. The maximum daily dose for adults is 90 mg. Tablets are taken orally, 1 capsule every 4-6 hours. The duration of treatment should not exceed 7 days.
• Side effects: nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal pain, increased drowsiness, headaches and dizziness, myalgia, increased heart rate. Local reactions and pain are possible with intramuscular injections.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug, pregnancy and lactation, labor, patients under 16 years of age, bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract, blood clotting disorders, renal failure, angioedema.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, general deterioration of health, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, pale skin. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic.

Release form: tablets of 10 pieces in a blister, 1, 2, 10 blisters in a package. Ampoules of 10 pieces in a package.

4. Nise

An analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and antiplatelet agent. Suppresses the formation of prostaglandins in the inflammation focus, selectively inhibits COX2. When taken orally, it is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, the maximum concentration is reached in 1-2.5 hours. The half-life is about 3 hours. It is excreted by the kidneys.

• Indications for use: inflammatory and infectious diseases of various origins, including lesions of the genitourinary system. Neuralgia, osteoarthrosis, osteoarthritis, bursitis, rheumatism, muscle pain, post-traumatic pain syndrome.
• Method of administration: tablets are taken orally at 100 mg, divided into two doses. The maximum daily dose is 400 mg. The gel is applied in a thin layer to the affected areas 3-4 times a day. The duration of treatment should not exceed 10 days.
• Side effects: headaches, drowsiness, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, pain and ulceration of the gastrointestinal mucosa, fluid retention in the body, leukopenia, various allergic reactions.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, gastroduodenal ulcer in the acute stage, liver/renal failure, congestive heart failure. Not used to treat patients with type 2 diabetes, during pregnancy and lactation, with arterial hypertension, for children under 12 years of age.
• Overdose: gastrointestinal irritation, convulsions, liver failure, renal dysfunction, respiratory depression, high blood pressure. Treatment includes discontinuing the drug, performing gastric lavage, and taking enterosorbents with further symptomatic therapy. Hemodialysis and forced diuresis are ineffective.

Release form: tablets of 100 mg, dispersible tablets of 50 mg, suspension for oral administration 50 mg/5 ml, gel for external application 1%.

5. Pentalgin

Combined analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic drug. Contains 5 active components that provide rapid and effective therapeutic action: paracetamol, metamizole sodium, phenobarbital, codeine and caffeine.

• Indications for use: acute pain syndrome of various localizations. Arthralgia, myalgia, neuralgia, toothache, migraine. Symptomatic therapy for acute respiratory viral infections and flu to eliminate elevated temperature, muscle weakness and inflammatory reactions.
• Method of administration: orally 1 tablet for acute short-term pain syndrome, 1-3 tablets for long-term pain. Maximum daily dose is 4 tablets. The duration of therapy is determined by the attending physician, individually for each patient, but not more than 7 days.
• Side effects: nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, loss of appetite and digestion. Increased fatigue, sleep and wakefulness disorders, increased anxiety. Cardiovascular and sensory disorders are also possible. Some patients report allergic reactions. With prolonged use, drug withdrawal syndrome is possible.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, severe kidney/liver damage, erosive and ulcerative diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, disorders of the hematopoietic system, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, arterial hypertension. Not used for patients under 12 years of age, during pregnancy and lactation.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, abnormal heart rhythm, allergic reactions, hypotension, pale skin, pain in the epigastric region. Treatment is symptomatic with gastric lavage and enterosorbents.

Release form: tablets of 10 and 12 pieces in a blister, 1 blister per package.

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Suppositories for acute cystitis

Another type of medication used for acute inflammation of the bladder is suppositories. Patients may be prescribed both rectal and vaginal suppositories in combination with oral medications, injections, and physiotherapy procedures.

To eliminate pathological processes and prevent various complications from the genitourinary system, the following types of suppositories are used:

• Antibacterial – contain special components that disrupt the functioning and destroy the cells of pathogenic microorganisms. Such drugs reduce the impact of infection on the genitourinary system and destroy pathogens.
• Anti-inflammatory – effectively combat the inflammatory process, relieve pain, and speed up the healing process.
• Antispasmodic – aimed at stopping spasms in the smooth muscle tissues of the bladder. Suppositories relieve pain and restore the blood supply to the affected organ.
• Hematogenous – improve blood supply to the bladder, accelerating the recovery process. Most often, herbal medicines are used, which effectively strengthen the walls of small blood vessels.

For the treatment of acute cystitis, the following suppositories may be prescribed:

1. Betadine

Antimicrobial and antiseptic agent with the active substance - a complex compound of iodine with polyvinylpyrrolidone. It has a bactericidal, antifungal, antiviral and antiprotozoal effect. It is active against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens.

• Indications for use: vaginitis, candidiasis, trichomoniasis. In case of cystitis, Betadine reduces pain during urination and abdominal discomfort.
• Directions for use: Before use, the suppository is moistened with water and inserted deep into the vagina. In severe cases, 1-2 suppositories per day are prescribed. The course of treatment is 5-7 days.
• Side effects: local allergic reactions. With prolonged use, generalized reactions are possible: metabolic acidosis, blood system disorders, renal dysfunction, anaphylactic reactions. For treatment, drug withdrawal is indicated.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, pregnancy and lactation, patients under 1 year of age, hyperthyroidism, renal/hepatic insufficiency, thyroid adenoma, Duhring's dermatitis herpetiformis.
• Overdose: pain in the epigastric region, nausea and vomiting, collapse, increased salivation, acute renal failure, tachycardia, hypertension. As an antidote, a solution of milk with starch and further medical care are recommended.

Release form: vaginal suppositories in a package of 14 pieces, solution for external use 10% 100 ml in a bottle.

2. Voltaren

Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic agent from the pharmacological group of NSAIDs, cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Contains the active component - diclofenac.

• Indications for use: pain syndrome in the genitourinary system, swelling of soft tissues and joints, pain in the spine, osteoarthritis, gout, primary dysmenorrhea and other gynecological diseases with pain and inflammation.
• Method of administration: suppositories are administered rectally at 100-150 mg per day, divided into 2-3 doses. The duration of treatment depends on the severity of the disease and is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: suppositories can cause only local allergic reactions. Other forms of the drug can provoke gastrointestinal disorders, hypertension, dizziness and headaches, increased fatigue, edema, nephrotic syndrome, etc.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, third trimester of pregnancy, patients under 6 years of age. Hematopoietic system disorders, severe pathologies of kidney function, liver, cardiovascular system, hemorrhoids.
• Overdose: nausea, vomiting, pain in the epigastric region, convulsive state. Treatment includes gastric lavage, intake of enterosorbents and further symptomatic therapy.

Release form: rectal suppositories of 25, 50 and 100 mg, 5 pieces per blister, 2 blisters per package. The medicine is also available in the form of tablets for oral administration and a solution for intramuscular administration.

3. Hexicon

A medicinal product with the active component chlorhexidine bigluconate. It has an antiseptic effect on gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and protozoa. The therapeutic effect occurs very quickly, as the active substance acts directly on the inflammation site.

• Indications for use: preventive treatment of gynecological and urological diseases. Used in obstetrics before childbirth, abortion, surgical interventions on the pelvic organs. Treatment of acute and chronic vaginitis. Prevention of ureaplasmosis, trichomoniasis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted infections.
• Method of application: the preparation is inserted into the vagina, 1 suppository 1-2 times a day. The course of treatment is 7-10 days. If necessary, repeat therapy is carried out after 20 days.
• Side effects: itching in the genital area and other local allergic reactions. Discomfort goes away after discontinuing the drug. No cases of overdose have been recorded.
• Contraindications: allergic reactions to the components of the drug. Use during pregnancy and lactation is permitted.

Release form: suppositories for intravaginal use of 1, 5, 10 pieces per package. Each suppository contains 16 mg of chlorhexidine bigluconate.

4. Macmirror

Vaginal suppositories with a combination of active ingredients: nifuratel and nystatin. Has pronounced antimicrobial, fungicidal and antiprotozoal properties.

• Indications for use: bacterial infections of the urogenital localization, urogenital trichomoniasis, vaginal candidiasis, local treatment of chlamydial infections. Infections caused by microorganisms sensitive to the drug.
• Directions for use: the preparation is inserted deep into the vagina, 1 suppository per day before bedtime. Duration of treatment is 5-8 days.
• Side effects: allergic reactions, local itching, rashes.
• Contraindications: intolerance to the components of the drug. Use during pregnancy and lactation is possible upon the prescription of the attending physician.

Release form: vaginal suppositories of 8, 12 pieces in a blister, 1 blister in a package.

5. Papaverine

A medicinal product with the active substance papaverine hydrochloride, 20 mg per suppository. Refers to myotropic antispasmodic drugs. Suppresses the synthesis of phosphodiesterase, relaxes the smooth muscles of internal organs and blood vessels.

• Indications for use: spasm of smooth muscles of the genitourinary system and abdominal cavity, blood vessels of the brain, heart, bronchi.
• Contraindications: hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, elderly patients, glaucoma, severe liver failure, respiratory depression, blockade.
• Directions for use: suppositories are used after a cleansing enema or bowel movement, inserted deep into the anus. For patients over 14 years of age, 1 suppository is prescribed 2-3 times a day. The duration of treatment is determined by the attending physician.
• Side effects: allergic reactions at the injection site, eosinophilia, arterial hypotension, drowsiness, weakness, headaches, increased sweating, bowel disorders. Overdose has similar symptoms. There is no specific antidote, treatment is symptomatic with drug withdrawal.

Release form: 5 suppositories in a blister, 2 blisters in a package.

The main advantage of suppositories is that their active components are quickly absorbed by the walls of inflamed tissues, providing a therapeutic effect directly on the lesion. The active substances of suppositories do not penetrate into the systemic bloodstream and gastrointestinal tract. One of the disadvantages of drugs in this form of release is the risk of irritation of the mucous membranes.