Arthrophon

Arthrofoon is a biological preparation consisting of antibodies directed against human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), exclusively purified with affinity. TNF-α is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that plays an important role in the immune system, particularly in inflammatory and immune reactions.

Arthrofoon is used in medicine to treat various diseases associated with inflammation, such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease and psoriasis. Antibodies to TNF-α help reduce inflammation and slow the progression of these diseases.

"Affinity purified" means that the drug contains only antibodies that specifically bind to TNF-α and has been purified from other components, which increases its effectiveness and reduces the likelihood of side effects.

Indications Arthrofoona

• Rheumatoid arthritis: This medication may be used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disease that causes inflammation of the joints.
• Crohn's Disease: Arthrofoon can be used to treat Crohn's disease, which is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Psoriatic arthritis: For the treatment of joint manifestations of psoriasis, also an autoimmune disease.
• Ankylosing spondylitis: This inflammatory disease of the joints of the spine may also require the use of artrofon.
• Psoriasis: For severe forms of psoriasis, especially when joints are affected.

Release form

Arthrofon is usually available as an injection solution. This solution may be provided in ampoules or vials containing a certain amount of the injection drug. It is usually intended for injection under the skin or into a vein, depending on the drug and the doctor's recommendations.

Pharmacodynamics

The pharmacodynamics of artrofon are related to its action on human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). TNF-α is a cytokine that plays a key role in inflammatory and immune responses. Excessive production of TNF-α can cause various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Artrofon is a monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to TNF-α, blocking its biological action. This leads to a decrease in inflammatory processes and a reduction in clinical symptoms of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, psoriasis, etc.

The action of artrofon is aimed at reducing inflammation and preventing joint destruction, which leads to an improvement in the quality of life of patients with chronic inflammatory diseases.

Pharmacokinetics

• Absorption: Since artrophon is usually administered into the body by injection, it is usually rapidly and completely absorbed from the injection site.
• Distribution: Arthrophon is distributed in the body via the bloodstream. It can penetrate many tissues and organs, including joints, which is especially important for its action in the treatment of inflammatory joint diseases.
• Metabolism: Monoclonal antibodies such as artrophon are not typically metabolized in the traditional sense. They may be degraded and eliminated from the body after their action on target molecules.
• Excretion: Artrofon is likely excreted from the body via the kidneys and/or bile. The rate of excretion may vary depending on the individual patient, their health condition and renal function.

Dosing and administration

• Directions for use: Artrofon is usually administered intravenously or subcutaneously. Injections are usually performed by a healthcare professional in a clinic or hospital.
• Dosage: Dosage may vary depending on the disease and patient characteristics. Typically, artrofon is used at a dose of 3 to 10 mg/kg per week. However, the recommended dose may be changed depending on the response to treatment and possible side effects.
• Split Dose: Sometimes the dose may be split into several injections per week to achieve optimal effect.
• Duration of treatment: The duration of treatment with artrofon may also vary depending on the nature of the disease and the response to treatment. Often, treatment is carried out for several months or even years.

Use Arthrofoona during pregnancy

The use of artrofon during pregnancy should be carried out under strict medical supervision and only if there are strict indications, when the benefits to the mother outweigh the potential risks to the fetus.

At present, there is limited data on the safety of artrophon during pregnancy, and its effects on fetal development have not been fully studied. As a monoclonal antibody, artrophon does not usually cross the placental barrier, but this does not exclude possible effects on fetal development.

Before deciding to use artrofon during pregnancy, it is important to conduct a thorough risk-benefit assessment in each individual case. The physician should consider the mother's health status, the severity of her illness, alternative treatments, and potential risks to the fetus.

Contraindications

• Individual intolerance or allergic reaction: People with a known allergy to the components of artrofon or other drugs containing monoclonal antibodies should refrain from using it.
• Severe infections: Use of artrofon may worsen infections due to its effect on the immune system. Therefore, its use may be contraindicated in active severe infections.
• Concurrent use of live vaccines: Due to its effect on the immune system, artrofon may reduce the effectiveness of live vaccines. Therefore, the use of artrofon may be contraindicated if vaccination with live vaccines is necessary.
• Severe liver or kidney dysfunction: The use of artrofon may be limited in patients with severe liver or kidney dysfunction due to the possibility of accumulation of the drug in the body.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: The use of artrofon during pregnancy and breastfeeding may be contraindicated due to insufficient data on its safety during these periods.

Side effects Arthrofoona

• Infections: Because artrofon affects the immune system, the risk of developing infections, including respiratory and urinary infections, increases.
• Injection site reactions: Redness, pain, swelling or itching may occur at the injection site of Artrofon.
• Allergic reactions: Including hives, difficulty breathing, swelling of the lips or face, and anaphylactic shock.
• Liver toxicity: Liver toxicity may occur, which may include increased liver enzymes and jaundice.
• Bleeding disorders: Artrofon may increase the risk of bleeding, including gastrointestinal bleeding or ecchymosis.
• Neurological disorders: May include headache, peripheral neuropathy, etc.
• Cardiovascular complications: Cardiovascular complications such as hypertension or heart failure may develop.
• Leukopenia and thrombocytopenia: A decrease in the number of white blood cells or platelets in the blood may be noted in some patients.

Overdose

• Increased risk of infections: Increased susceptibility to infections may occur due to over-suppression of the immune system.
• Increased allergic reactions: Increased allergic reactions such as urticaria, itching, swelling or anaphylactic shock may occur.
• Liver or Kidney Toxicity: Higher doses of artrofon may increase the risk of liver or kidney toxicity.
• Bleeding disorders: Increasing the dose may increase the risk of bleeding, as artrofon may affect platelet function.
• Other side effects: May include headache, nausea, diarrhea, hypertension, etc.

Interactions with other drugs

• Drugs that suppress the immune system: Concomitant use of artrofon with other immunosuppressive drugs such as methotrexate or cyclosporine may increase the risk of infections and other side effects.
• Drugs that increase the risk of bleeding: When using artrofon simultaneously with anticoagulants or antiplatelet agents, the risk of bleeding may increase.
• Anti-TB drugs: TNF-α inhibitors may reduce the effectiveness of anti-TB therapy. Therefore, regular monitoring of health status and possible treatment adjustments may be necessary in patients receiving anti-TB drugs.
• Vaccines: The use of artrophon may reduce the effectiveness of vaccines, especially live ones, so temporary interruption of therapy or adaptation of the vaccination schedule may be required.
• Drugs that increase the risk of liver or kidney toxicity: Concomitant use of artrofon with drugs that may increase liver or kidney toxicity may increase the risk of side effects.

Storage conditions

• Storage temperature: Artrofon is usually stored in the refrigerator at a temperature of 2 to 8 degrees Celsius. This helps prevent the drug from decomposing and maintain its activity.
• Freeze Protection: It is important to avoid freezing of Artrophon, so it should be stored in the refrigerator, but not on a frozen surface.
• Protection from light: Direct light can negatively affect the stability of biological products, so artrofon is usually packaged in dark containers or packaged in special protective shells.
• Compliance with expiration dates: It is necessary to monitor the expiration date of Artrofon and not use the drug after the expiration date.
• Keep out of reach of children: As with any medicine, artrofon should be kept out of reach of children to avoid accidental ingestion.