List Diseases – O
Orbital diseases in childhood may be associated with developmental disorders, but may also be acquired. Children with acquired orbital pathology usually have complaints and symptoms characteristic of tissue growth inside the orbit.
Orbital cellulitis occurs when the inflammatory focus is localized behind the tarso-orbital fascia. It can be combined with extraorbital cellulitis.
Bacterial orbital cellulitis is a life-threatening infectious inflammation of the soft tissues behind the tarso-orbital fascia.
Opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis is essentially an intracranial complication of some infection that penetrates the basal meninges that cover the optic chiasm.
Neuritis of central origin also includes a disease of the optic nerve called "opticochiasmatic arachnoiditis".
Optic neuropathy is a serious complication occurring in 5% of patients with endocrine ophthalmopathy. It develops due to compression of the optic nerve or the vessels that feed it at the apex of the orbit by swollen and enlarged rectus muscles.
The inflammatory process in the optic nerve - neuritis - can develop both in its fibers and in the membranes. According to the clinical course, two forms of optic neuritis are distinguished - intrabulbar and retrobulbar.
Gliomas (astrocytomas) can affect the anterior visual pathway. Gliomas can also develop in the orbit and cranial cavity.
Optic nerve hypoplasia, unilateral or bilateral, is characterized by a reduced number of nerve fibers. Optic nerve hypoplasia may be an isolated anomaly, associated with other eye malformations, or a heterogeneous group of diseases most often affecting the midline structures of the brain.
Optic nerve glioma is a slowly growing astrocytoma that most often affects girls, less often adults. It is usually associated with neurofibromatosis type I.
Disc drusen (hyaline bodies) are hyaline-like calcified material within the optic disc. They are clinically present in approximately 0.3% of the population and are often bilateral.
Oppositional defiant disorder is recurrent or persistent negative, deviant, or even hostile behavior directed toward authority figures. Diagnosis is based on history.
Opisthorchiasis is a chronic helminthiasis with predominant damage to the biliary system and pancreas. In children - native inhabitants of highly endemic foci, the invasion usually proceeds subclinically and is realized in adulthood or old age. In the endemic area, in visitors from areas non-endemic for opisthorchiasis, an acute stage of the disease of varying severity develops with subsequent transition to chronic.
Opisthorchiasis is a parasitic disease caused by liver flukes that affect the hepatobiliary system and pancreas. It is characterized by polymorphism of clinical manifestations and a chronic course.
Opisthorchiasis (Latin: opisthorchosis, English: opisthorchiasis, French: opisthorchiase) is a natural focal biohelminthiasis with a fecal-oral mechanism of transmission of the pathogen, characterized by a long course and predominant damage to the hepatobiliary system and pancreas.
The use of opioids for medical purposes without supervision by health care professionals and any use for non-medical indications can lead to serious consequences with the development of dependence
Ophthalmoplegia is a disorder of the eye's movement; it can be caused by one or more factors.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) remain the most common viral pathogens causing various eye disorders. Ophthalmic herpes is traditionally thought to be caused by HSV-1.
There are two fundamentally different approaches to surgical treatment of aneurysms: Traditional intracranial access with isolation of the carrier arteries and exclusion of the aneurysm from the general blood flow by clipping its neck or forced occlusion of the artery carrying the aneurysm (trapping).
Open trauma to the penis is often combined with trauma to other organs, including the genitourinary system. Open trauma to the penis in children most often occurs when playing with sharp objects or when falling on them.