Why did the body show red spots?

Today, more and more often you have to deal with the problem of the appearance of various rashes, irritation, spots. One of the main reasons for addressing a dermatologist is the  red spots on the body. They appear in both children and adults for various reasons. Men and women are equally affected.

Many ignore this symptom, and do not believe that when there are any spots on the body, you need to see a doctor. But this is far from the case. When any stains, especially red, appear, you need to see a doctor as soon as possible. This will help to quickly get the diagnosis, and choose the necessary treatment. Spots need to be examined, as they are a sign of serious diseases.

Causes of the red spots on the body

Often they arise as a result of the combined effects of several causes, when taking certain medications, eating foods that cause allergies. Excessive content of food colors, flavonoids, flavonoids, can cause allergies. Often the cause of the development of pathology is chocolate, citrus, honey, nuts. If an allergic reaction occurs against a background of nervous overexertion, they talk about neurodermatitis.

Often blisters and rashes are associated with allergic reactions, there is itching, irritation. The person combs the skin, red spots spread all over the body. An additional sign of allergic rashes is severe itching. When there are spots of an allergic nature, you need to contact the dermatologist and allergist as soon as possible. They will examine the patient, make a diagnosis. Then, according to the established diagnosis, a treatment will be chosen that will help to eliminate pathology. Often prescribe symptomatic remedies that eliminate allergy symptoms, for example: loratadine, agistam, suprastin, cetrin, tavegil.

Inadequate nutrition is the trigger mechanism of pathological rashes. Sometimes to eliminate pathology, it is enough to adjust your diet. Often poured out as a result of a lack of vitamins, an incorrect relationship between proteins, fats, carbohydrates. Both deficiency and excess of certain substances can cause imbalance.

The cause of the rash can be various pathological diseases of infectious nature, dysbiosis. Most often, a red rash appears as a result of a viral, bacterial, fungal infection. Infectious rashes are most often accompanied by fever, intoxication. The rash may indicate syphilis, chickenpox, typhoid fever, and other pathologies. When scarlet fever appears punctulate rash. Most often the rash causes hypertension, or hypotension, a violation of vascular tone. Nervous reactions that disrupt the tone of the vessels, spasmodic them, emotional drop, sharp emotions (positive, negative). A strong neuropsychic overstrain, stress, overexcitation, can cause a skin reaction. Assign sedatives, soothing drugs.

Lishay   can be manifested by skin rashes, scaling. Later, there are places that are devoid of pigmentation. Lishay is treated with antifungal medicines. With diathesis, psoriasis, photodermatosis, atopic dermatitis, seborrhea, various dermatological diseases, traumas, there is a rash and skin redness.

Also, the cause may be excessive exposure to the body of various adverse factors, including chemicals, solarium, various radiation, sunlight.

More details about red spots for various diseases and conditions read in this article.

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Risk factors

People who are susceptible to diseases of the stomach, intestines, cardiovascular system, those prone to allergies, colds fall into the risk group. The risk essentially increases after the transferred virus and infectious diseases, after antibiotic therapy and long-term therapy with other medicines.

[2], [3], [4], [5]

Pathogenesis

At the heart of pathogenesis is a violation of normal metabolism at the tissue and cellular level, resulting in a violation of normal vascular circulation. Violated metabolic processes in the cells of the upper layers of the skin. As a result, the skin does not receive the required amount of oxygen and nutrients. Also, the skin does not remove metabolic products, carbon dioxide. Various pigments, toxins accumulate, which leads to the development of the inflammatory process, intoxication. To the site of inflammation come the tissue mediators, hormones, histamine, lymphocytes. This contributes to the development of irritation, itching, the appearance of redness, and other skin reactions.

[6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11]

Epidemiology

According to statistics, skin rashes of red color are observed in 98% of people. At least once in a life each person tested on itself similar displays. In 34% of people, the cause was viral and infectious diseases, in 37% of people a rash of allergic nature. In 21% of people a rash caused malnutrition, the presence in food of a large number of dyes, flavors. In 12% of cases, this pattern is manifested against the background of a lack of vitamin, and in 55% - with reduced immunity.

[12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17]

Symptoms

Symptoms are various skin manifestations of red color: rash, redness, swelling, hyperemia. Often, red spots are accompanied by itching. Later, intoxication can develop, which is manifested by fever, nausea, vomiting. Rashes can spread, be transmitted.

An early sign is the redness of certain areas of the skin. This is already cause for concern and further treatment to the doctor.

The body was covered with red spots, the causes

The main thing is to do nothing yourself. It is necessary to determine the origin. The treatment of spots also directly depends on what is the cause of the development of pathology. Therefore, treatment is prescribed based on the results of the tests. Rashes may be a sign of food or allergic reactions, an overdose or side effect of a drug or substance. It is enough simply to abolish the effect of this factor, and the condition is normalized. Usually no additional measures or treatments are required.

If the appearance of a rash has caused a disease, severe pathology, you need to conduct appropriate therapy. The most common therapy is etiological, that is, it is aimed at eliminating the factor that caused the pathology. For example, if a rash appears as a result of a bacterial disease, antibiotic therapy is prescribed. If the cause is a viral disease, antiviral therapy is prescribed. When allergies are treated with antihistamines, antiallergic drugs. With severe inflammation, anti-inflammatory therapy is required.

Red spots on the body of a child

It is often enough to point to other infectious and somatic diseases, which are not connected with each other. Without comprehensive diagnosis it is difficult to give an answer as to what is with the child.

They are one of the symptoms of rubella. This is a fairly common viral disease. Rashes differ in small sizes, usually lasts 7-10 days, then go on recession.

Red spots can indicate measles, which also occurs as a result of contamination of the body by pathogens. It is accompanied by hyperthermia, cough and runny nose, the course of a tear fluid. Initially a small size, but gradually grow in size, reaching a fairly large size. The first are located on the face, gradually spread to the area of the neck, trunk, extremities.

A red rash may manifest and scarlet fever. At the same time, spot spots appear, bright enough, and the skin turns red. Initially - in places where the folds of the body occur: elbows, knee area. Then spreads on the cheeks. All this is accompanied by such symptoms, pain and pain in the throat, perspiration, cough.

Or is it a manifestation of such a particular disease as a baby roseoleola, or a sudden exanthema. This disease, which manifests itself only in a child at the age of 2 years. There is an increase in temperature, which almost does not get off. Then it goes down, after that the face becomes covered with red spots. Most children go on their own, but there are also cases when additional treatment is required.

Red spots, rough to the touch, can be a sign of depriving. In this case, they can itch, can not itch. Sometimes they are flaky, sometimes not. Most often occur after contact with stray dogs and cats, wild animals. There are many varieties of lichen. To make an accurate diagnosis you need to undergo a survey. Usually there is enough scraping of cells from the affected area.

A red rash may also indicate chicken pox. The rash is not always red, quite often it is pink. Such a rash is characterized by severe itching, burning. However, it is not worth it to scratch, because you can only worsen the condition and get complications, for example, the infectious process.

With allergic dermatitis, a red rash appears. Dermatitis can appear even in infants due to reaction to a certain product, substance.

Sometimes they appear in the mouth. This is a sign of stomatitis, in which the mucous membrane is affected. This can occur as a result of ingress of pathogenic microorganisms, as well as against a background of dysbiosis. It requires urgent treatment, since such spots tend to spread rapidly throughout the oral cavity. Can even affect the esophagus. The child can not eat, because this process becomes painful. In addition, there are small erosions that increase, merge into larger ulcers. Urgent emergency care is needed, as this can cause anaphylactic shock.

Red spots on the newborn on the body

In newborns, the cause of the pathology is sweating, in which staining occurs. It is observed in those who use diapers and diapers. They use chamomile, calendula, string and other decoctions. Children's powder is used. To prevent the appearance of stains, you should wear natural clothes that absorb sweat well. The main reason for the appearance is an allergic reaction to the effect of an allergen on children's cosmetics.

Red spots on the body during pregnancy and after childbirth

When pregnancy develops dysbacteriosis, as the microflora changes dramatically, there is a sharp change in the hormonal background. The level of histamine significantly increases, which leads to increased sensitization of the body, allergization. All this contributes to the development of the pathological process, develops a rash.

Often this is a consequence of damage to the blood vessels, bruising, incorrect straining during labor, increased blood pressure. Also arise as a post-traumatic syndrome, the result of an inflammatory process.

Stages

There are three stages of development of any spots. At the first stage prerequisites for the appearance of spots appear. Appears slight peeling, the skin is irritated. At the second stage, a rather strong, bright rash appears, which lasts for several days. In the third stage the rash starts to go away, its severity gradually decreases, and color is removed.

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Forms

There are many varieties of red spots on the body. Accordingly, there are many different classifications on the basis of which the selection is made for species. For example, a classification is known according to the etiological character, which is based on the cause of pathology. According to this classification, vascular spots that arise as a result of defects or inflammatory processes in the vessels are isolated. They can arise as a result of trauma, mechanical damage to blood vessels, circulatory disorders, metabolic processes, vascular tone.

Vascular spots are divided into hyperemic, which are saturated with blood. The cause may be vasodilation, which occurs when the disease, as a result of emotional reactions. Such spots are usually localized on the back, neck, face, chest.

Hemorrhagic blemishes occur as a result of hemorrhage in the tissue, and can occur both with internal diseases and with spillage damage. Most often this is one of the symptoms of severe vascular disease.

Telangiectatic spots arise as a result of sustained or temporary vasodilation. This includes the so-called "vascular asterisks", enlarged networks of blood vessels, and reddening on their background.

Separately, pigmented spots are revealed, which are manifested as a result of a lack or excess of any pigment, dysfunction of metabolic processes, in particular, vitamin-mineral metabolism. Isolate hypopigmented and hyperpigmented spots.

Lichen spots (red flat, shingles, multicolored) are caused by various causes, and the pathogenesis is different. A classification based on visual characteristics is widely known. In accordance with these signs, vascular, pigmented spots are isolated. Spots of artificial origin form a special group. This includes tattoos, permanent make-up.

Red spots on the body itch

Without diagnostics and analysis results, it is almost impossible to answer this question unambiguously. We can assume that the cause of the pathology can be an allergic reaction, intolerance of individual components and food products, the effect of medications. Sometimes a severe infectious disease can manifest itself, for example, chicken pox, syphilis. Lishay, various fungal diseases, can cause the development of pathology.

Accordingly, and the treatment of each individual case will be different. So, if it turns out that the cause is an allergy, antiallergic agents will be prescribed. If the cause is, for example, lichen, it will take a long antifungal, possibly anti-inflammatory therapy.

[19], [20]

Red scales on the body

Perhaps with excessively dry skin, lack of normal metabolism. Or a sign of psoriasis, diathesis, seborrhea, depriving, other somatic and infectious diseases.

There is an increase in their size. The spots start to merge with each other, which leads to strong peeling. Pathology requires compulsory treatment, because it will not pass by itself, the situation can only worsen. In general, predisposition and external factors lead to the development of such pathologies.

Red flaky spots on the body, not itching

Indicate various pathologies of the liver, kidneys, heart, the impact of negative environmental factors. For example, as a result of prolonged exposure to cold, frost. Also, spots without itching may indicate excessive exposure to the skin of sunlight, solarium, other types of irradiation. In summer, photodermatosis can manifest itself in a similar way as a result of exposure to sunlight and burns. With sensitive skin - a reaction to wind, heat, water, sun. It is necessary to use the means that have a photoprotective effect.

In winter, even central heating can cause such reactions, as it dries the skin. Too dry air in the room occurs as a result of prolonged use of heaters, air conditioners. Consultation of the dermatologist, the cosmetician is required.

Diagnostics of the red spots on the body

The diagnostic process is quite complicated. First, you need to see a doctor therapist, or a dermatologist. The doctor will collect primary information, will study the anamnesis of life and illness. After that, a general and special inspection will be carried out. Also at this stage, the doctor prescribes general tests that give an opportunity to get a general picture of the pathology.

After this, people are usually referred for additional consultation to other specialists, since only preliminary diagnosis can be made on the basis of available data. The necessary inspections are carried out, the missing laboratory and instrumental studies are assigned. Only after the complete picture is received, it is possible to put the final diagnosis and choose the necessary treatment. Also, there is often a need for differential diagnosis, as many diseases have similar manifestations. It is carried out in order to clearly distinguish the manifestations of one disease from the manifestations of another similar disease. It is especially difficult to conduct differential diagnosis of children.

[21], [22], [23]

Analyzes

First of all, standard clinical tests - blood, urine and feces analysis are appointed . They can be very informative, despite their primitiveness and simplicity. They can show the nature of the pathology: indicate whether the disease is viral, bacterial, allergic or invasive. You can determine how long the pathological process lasts in the body, and at what stage it is located. With the help of the analysis, an approximate localization of the inflammatory process can be determined.

Then, based on the preliminary picture, which is obtained by clinical methods, a scheme of additional diagnostics is selected. Can be assigned to the biochemical analysis, which will reveal the features of biochemical processes in the body, points to possible violations in the metabolism. You can get a general picture of the pathology.

On the basis of the immunogram it is possible to study the state of the immune system, the mechanisms of specific and nonspecific defense of the organism, to reveal the state of the immune system, to make a forecast concerning the effectiveness of treatment, the speed of recovery.

When suspected of allergic diseases, allergic, immunological and other methods of research are conducted. The level of immunoglobulin E, which is an indicator of the delayed-type allergic reaction, is necessarily determined .

If a virus is suspected, virologic diagnosis is performed. The causative agent, its specific and generic accessory, the degree of viral load, the activity or inactivity of the virus are determined. It is possible to carry out both quantitative and qualitative research methods. More quantitative methods are considered more informative, since they make it possible to determine the exact amount of the virus in the blood and, in accordance with these data, to select the necessary treatment.

It is also recommended to carry out an analysis for hidden infections. Because they are dangerous in that they develop asymptomatically, without showing themselves. But later severe pathology develops, which is often difficult to cure.

If a bacterial infection is suspected, a bacteriological examination is carried out. To do this, a biological material is taken, which is then sown on a nutrient medium. First, a crop is planted on a universal medium, several days are incubated under a thermostat.

After that, the largest, single colonies are selected, microscopy is carried out, they are sowed on a selective medium to obtain a pure culture. After a pure culture is obtained, its species and generic identification is carried out, the main pathogen is determined. With him, a series of biochemical, serological studies are conducted, the concentration is determined. After this, a conclusion is made about the nature of the disease and the degree of bacterial contamination.

If suspected of dysbiosis, an appropriate study of feces for dysbiosis is prescribed . In addition, such research methods as scraping, analysis of the eggs of the worm, mycological tests for determining fungal diseases, can be prescribed . Often carried out a study for the presence of a subcutaneous mite - demodex. To do this, do a scraping of skin particles or scraping from the surface of the spot, and subsequent microscopy is carried out.

[24], [25], [26]

Instrumental diagnostics

If there is insufficient information for diagnosis, instrumental diagnostics can be assigned. What research will be required, and what methods will be used in this case, depends on the proposed cause. So, if it is assumed that the spots are a consequence of the pathology of the cardiovascular system, studies such as an electrocardiogram, angiography, and MRI can provide useful information .

If there is a suspicion that the cause of the rash is gastrointestinal disease, it is advisable to have a gastroscopy, ultrasound of the abdominal cavity organs or an x-ray study.

Differential diagnosis

The basis for differential diagnosis is the need to differentiate various diseases. In order to differentiate the spots that arise in this or that pathology, it is necessary to carry out a series of studies. For example, you need to carefully study the anamnesis. Based on the clinical picture, the results of objective examination and subjective feelings of the patient, we can draw certain conclusions. If this is not enough, it is advisable to carry out a virological or bacteriological study. Having isolated the causative agent of the disease in a clean culture, you can put the appropriate diagnosis.

Also, differential diagnosis is reduced to the definition of a subspecies of the disease. For example, if it was possible to determine exactly what caused the rashes, it is necessary to determine its variety (shearing, girdling, pink, etc.). 

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Treatment of the red spots on the body

Only on the basis of the received data it is possible to select treatment.

Complications and consequences

The greatest danger is the complications that can occur if the disease is not treated. The most dangerous is the progression of the disease, the generalization of the inflammatory and infectious process. Danger is a tumor (benign, malignant), against a background of reduced immunity and disease progression, especially if they are caused by oncogenic viruses.

Red spots on the body can disappear without a trace, provided the correct approach to treatment. This requires proper diagnosis. You need to contact a specialist as soon as possible. If treatment is not carried out, the prognosis may be unfavorable.

[28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33]

Prevention

The basis of prevention is timely diagnosis, which will allow early detection of the cause of the pathology, prescribe the necessary treatment. It is important to timely treat the identified infectious, inflammatory processes. It is necessary to maintain the normal state of the immune system. To do this, you need to get the necessary amount of vitamin, microelements. The food should be full, balanced. It is necessary to observe the necessary level of physical exertion, perform respiratory and relaxing exercises.

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Forecast

With all the recommendations of the doctor, timely diagnosis, the prognosis may be favorable. In this case, the  red spots on the body  completely disappear. If the recommendations are not followed, the forecast can be extremely unfavorable. Often spots are a sign of serious illness.

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