Shortness of breath after a fever

If there is dyspnea after fever, then most often this indicates a significant amount of lung damage or the accession of cardiac pathologies, which, in turn, can be complicated by oxygen deprivation or other diseases and conditions. Such a problem is not uncommon for many infectious-inflammatory pathologies, including coronavirus infection. The symptom should not be left unattended, it is necessary to consult a doctor for consultation and additional diagnostic measures.

Causes of the shortness of breath after a fever

Dyspnea after fever is a condition that causes additional discomfort: a person begins to feel his own breathing and lack of air at the same time, there is anxiety, sometimes even fear. Objectively, the frequency, rhythmicity, depth of breathing changes. Feeling the lack of oxygen, a person partly involuntarily, partly consciously activates breathing movements, trying to eliminate unpleasant sensations.

Abrupt, sudden onset of dyspnea after fever may indicate pulmonary embolism, spontaneous pneumothorax or severe agitation. If breathing becomes difficult after the patient assumes a supine position (on the back), it may be an attack of bronchial asthma or obstruction of the respiratory tract, or bilateral paralysis of the diaphragm.

Pathologic dyspnea after fever may be provoked by such processes:

• Reduction of blood oxygenation in the lungs (lowering of partial pressure of molecular oxygen in the air coming from outside, disorder of lung ventilation and pulmonary blood flow);
• failure of gas transport by the circulatory system (anemia, slow blood flow);
• a state of acidosis;
• metabolic enhancement;
• Organic and functional disorders of the CNS (intense psycho-emotional outbursts, hysterical states, encephalitis, disorders of blood circulation in the brain).

Shortness of breath after a fever can be caused by impaired external (oxygen getting through the lungs) or internal (tissue) breathing:

• toxic effects on the respiratory center, the negative effects of metabolic products, if the fever accompanies conditions in severe infections;
• chest trauma with breach of pleural cavity tightness, compression of respiratory organs in pneumothorax or hydrothorax;
• blockage of the lumen of the respiratory tract with viscous sputum (eg, in bronchitis), foreign body (food particles, vomit), tumor process;
• heart failure with blood stasis in the small circulation circle, effusion into the pulmonary alveoli, decreased vital capacity of the lungs and peripheral blood flow;
• anemia, intoxication with substances that bind hemoglobin;
• obesity of any degree;
• coronary heart disease;
• swelling and thickening of bronchial walls, spasm of bronchial muscles of allergic or inflammatory origin (e.g. In pneumonia or asthma);
• neurological complications, neurotic respiratory distress.

Dyspnea after fever is especially common in patients with diabetes, heart failure, respiratory pathologies, people with cancer, those on hemodialysis, taking immunosuppressants.

In young children, acute respiratory pathologies accompanied by fever often occur with bronchial obstruction, which requires caution in the use of antipyretics and the risk of provoking bronchospasm. It is known that acetylsalicylic acid and some other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can cause bronchospasm in patients with aspirin intolerance, because they inhibit the production of PGE2, prostacyclin and thromboxanes, favor the increased production of leukotrienes. Paracetamol does not affect the production of such mediators of allergic inflammation, but shortness of breath after fever can occur even when taking paracetamol, which is due to depletion of the glutathione apparatus in the respiratory system and lowering of antioxidant defense. In early childhood, it is allergic processes are considered the most common cause of respiratory problems on the background of infectious-inflammatory diseases.

Risk factors

Fever is one of the most common symptoms of inflammatory and infectious diseases. For example, in viral infections, fever rises to 38-39°C and sometimes becomes difficult to control (bring down). Specialists identify so-called "risk groups", which include people who are most at risk of complications from fever, such as shortness of breath.

• Women during pregnancy have a weakened immunity, which is due to active hormonal transformations and changes in immune defense. Therefore, the risks of developing complications in this period are much higher, and the shortness of breath itself can be quite pronounced. High temperature for a pregnant woman and the future child is dangerous in itself, as it can lead to spontaneous abortion or premature labor. If a woman ignores treatment, or tries to treat on her own, then extremely undesirable consequences can develop, including shortness of breath. To avoid complications, expectant mothers are advised to get vaccinated against influenza, take measures to strengthen immunity, eat well, rest and take more frequent walks in the fresh air.
• Children under 5 years of age are at the stage of formation of specific antiviral immunity: a small organism builds its immune defense, "gets acquainted" with possible pathogens, learns to recognize and attack them. According to statistics, in annual flu epidemics, about 30% of children under 5 years of age get sick. Many of them develop pneumonia against the background of fever, which is accompanied by pulmonary edema with further development of heart failure, which is manifested, including shortness of breath. Children with chronic diseases of the heart or respiratory system, are at double risk - there may be complications directly infectious disease, or the underlying pathology. Thus, in children suffering from bronchial asthma or chronic bronchopulmonary diseases, shortness of breath after fever may indicate an exacerbation of the disease, or the development of a complication (pneumonia). Patients with cardiac pathologies can develop heart failure. In addition, infectious processes often lead to exacerbations of diabetes mellitus, cystic fibrosis and other serious diseases.
• Elderly people over 60 years of age, as a rule, by their age already have one or more chronic diseases. This adversely affects the quality of immune defense and increases the risk of dyspnea after fever and other complications of infectious diseases. Even in the absence of chronic pathologies, over the years people experience a physiological weakening of immunity, in which susceptibility to bacteria and viruses increases.
• Patients who have chronic diseases of the respiratory, cardiovascular or other systems and organs often tolerate high fever more severely, and their risks of complications are much higher.

Among other factors contributing to immune suppression:

• unfavorable environmental conditions;
• prolonged stress;
• poor nutrition, strict and monotonous diets;
• lack of physical activity;
• bad habits;
• chaotic use of medicines, active self-medication;
• Inattention to your health, ignoring problems and symptoms.

Pathological decline in immune defense is noted in any pathology, especially with a chronic course. The most negative impact on immunity occurs in HIV infection, chronic hepatitis, autoimmune and oncologic pathologies. If there is an imbalance between the current capabilities of human immunity and increased infectious load, enhanced by unfavorable external conditions, there are quite high risks of dyspnea after fever.

Pathogenesis

Specialists most often associate the appearance of dyspnea after a fever with airway obstruction or with the phenomena of heart failure. In general, breathing is difficult whenever there is an additional need for oxygen. Increased contraction of the respiratory muscles is required to provide the necessary respiratory volume in conditions where there is increased resistance to air movement in the respiratory system. The cause is any of three factors:

• pathologic changes in the respiratory tract;
• changes in the elasticity of the lung parenchyma;
• pathologic changes in the chest, intercostal muscles, diaphragm.

The mechanism of the development of dyspnea after fever is diverse and depends on the specific clinical situation. For example, breathing may be difficult:

• due to increased work of the respiratory muscles (simultaneously with increased resistance to air conduction in the upper and lower respiratory tract);
• due to an imbalance in the degree of stretching of the respiratory muscle and the degree of tension developed in it and controlled by the spindle nerve receptors;
• due to local or general irritation of receptors of the upper respiratory system, lungs, small branches.

However, in either situation, dyspnea after fever results from excessive or pathological activation of the bulbar respiratory center by afferent impulses from various structures via multiple pathways, including:

• intrathoracic vagal endings;
• afferent somatic nerves originating from the respiratory muscles, thoracic surface of skeletal muscles, and articulations;
• cerebral chemoreceptors, aortic, carotid bodies, other parts of the blood supply apparatus;
• of the higher centers of the cerebral cortex;
• afferent fibers of the diaphragmatic nerves.

The respiratory act in dyspnea after fever is most often deep and rapid, with intensification of both inhalation and exhalation, with active participation of the expiratory muscles. In some patients, the problem predominates on the inhalation or exhalation. Inspiratory dyspnea with difficulty and intensification of the breath is more characteristic of stage 1 asphyxia, general excitation of the central nervous system, circulatory failure, pneumothorax. Expiratory dyspnea with difficulty and increased exhalation is noted in bronchial asthma, emphysema, when during exhalation increases resistance to airflow in the lower respiratory tract.

COVID-19 dyspnea after fever can be provoked by disorders such as:

• Fibrosis (replacement of lung spongy tissue with connective tissue that cannot "absorb" oxygen).
• Frosted glass syndrome (filling of some alveoli with fluid and "switching them off" from the process of gas exchange).
• Psychogenic disorders (so-called "post-coital depression").
• Cardiovascular complications.

Pathogenetic mechanisms of dyspnea after fever can be different, depending on the cause of the violation. A prerequisite for improving well-being is timely accurate diagnosis with identification of the causes of dyspnea and further prescription of therapeutic and restorative measures.

Epidemiology

The incidence of infectious and inflammatory processes, including influenza and coronavirus infection, today remains high worldwide, as evidenced by the statistics of the World Health Organization. Up to 90% of people experience some form of virus and infectious complications each year, and some patients experience them several times a year. Fortunately, in most people, such diseases are relatively mild, but it is not uncommon to experience shortness of breath after a fever.

About the severe course ARVI is said if the disease lasts more than 9-10 days and is accompanied by high temperature, fever, signs of intoxication. Dyspnea after fever can occur in the medium-serious course, indicating the development of acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, CNS lesions. Bacterial inflammatory processes most often cause dyspnea provoked by the development of bronchitis, pneumonia, exacerbation of chronic respiratory pathologies.

Other symptoms indicating possible complications from fever other than shortness of breath:

• recurrence of fever on the 5th or 6th day since the onset of the disease;
• head pain, dizziness;
• a feeling of stiffness in the joints and muscles;
• the onset of coughing.

Aggravation of symptoms and the appearance of dyspnea after fever is most often found in patients at risk: children 2-5 years old, the elderly, pregnant women, people with chronic pathologies.

Dyspnea after fever bothers more than 10% of patients 2-3 months after the manifestation of the disease. In this case, dyspnea can be true or false. True difficulty breathing is due to the development of respiratory failure and lesions of the lung parenchyma. Pathology is usually accompanied by a problematic exhalation. False dyspnea is a subjective sensation - the so-called hyperventilation syndrome. Such a syndrome is more often characterized by problematic inhalation.

Symptoms

Shortness of breath after a fever can occur:

• at rest (often at night while resting);
• during or after physical activity (which has not been observed before);
• against a background of general weakness, cough and other symptoms.

Inspiratory type of dyspnea is characterized by difficult breaths and is typical of heart disease, some lung diseases (fibrosis, carcinomatosis, valve pneumothorax, diaphragmatic paralysis, Bechterew's disease).

Expiratory type of dyspnea can be recognized by difficult exhalation, which is characteristic of chronic obstructive bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and is associated with narrowing of the bronchial lumen due to sputum accumulation or inflammatory wall swelling.

Mixed type of dyspnea is difficulty both inhaling and exhaling (occurs in severe lung inflammation).

Violation of normal respiratory function after fever leads to improper functioning of all body systems. The provoking factor is often a serious failure of a particular organ.

Dyspnea after fever can appear with pathologies of the bronchi, lungs, pleura, diaphragm. Signs indicating the presence of problems with the respiratory system are considered such:

• Difficult and prolonged exhalation, 2 or more times longer than inhalation;
• visible tension of the accessory muscles on exhalation;
• swelling of neck veins on exhalation, with their further collapse and retraction of intercostal spaces on inhalation (indicating a pronounced imbalance of intrathoracic pressure during the respiratory act);
• dry wheezing;
• coughing, with no subsequent relief.

Symptomatology indicating the development of vascular disease:

• dependence of dyspnea after fever on body position (in pulmonary embolism, in addition to palpitations and pain behind the sternum, dyspnea is not relieved in sitting and lying down);
• blueing of skin and mucous membranes (caused by severe hypoxia or slow blood circulation);
• impaired consciousness or unilateral swelling of the limb (indicates thromboembolism, requires emergency hospitalization).

Symptoms of laryngeal diseases, which may be accompanied by shortness of breath after fever, include the appearance of a whistling noise on the breath audible at a distance (sign of laryngeal stenosis). Such a disorder often develops against the background of laryngitis, allergic reaction, and requires urgent medical intervention.

Among the non-pulmonary causes of shortness of breath after fever, cardiovascular disease (other than thromboembolism) is the most commonly talked about. Signs that indicate the appearance of heart and vascular problems:

• increased respiratory problems in the supine position, which is associated with disorders in the small circle of blood circulation;
• development of cardiac asthma - a critical increase in pressure in the left atrium, which often becomes a precursor to heart attacks, cardiac aneurysms, cardiogenic pulmonary edema, acute coronary insufficiency;
• increased respiratory problems on the background of or after physical activity (including normal leisurely walking);
• edema (fluid buildup in the tissues);
• bulging neck veins in sitting position, indicating increased pressure in the right atrium.

Dyspnea after fever with cardiac origin is observed in patients with mitral stenosis, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, postinfarction cardiosclerosis. All of the above pathologies require mandatory medical consultation and subsequent treatment.

In some cases, it is not easy to determine which pathology is caused by dyspnea after fever. For example, some symptoms are found in pulmonary fibrosis and ischemic heart disease:

• a prolonged act of inhaling with visible effort (the exhalation is shorter than the inhalation);
• rapid breathing, especially with physical activity (even a little);
• the appearance of bluish tint of the skin and mucous membranes.

Abrupt onset of dyspnea after fever may also indicate the development of complications: severe infectious process, acidosis, intoxication, respiratory center dysfunction, allergic reaction, pulmonary hyperventilation syndrome. It is important to detect and identify such symptoms in time:

• worsening of dyspnea in the vertical position of the trunk and its reduction in the horizontal position (may indicate problems in the left atrium, the development of hepatopulmonary syndrome or diaphragmatic prolapse);
• severe respiratory rhythm changes (often accompany intoxication);
• Appearance against the background of shortness of breath after fever rashes like urticaria, as well as runny nose, conjunctivitis (characteristic of allergic bronchospasm);
• episodic inability to take a full breath, unrelated to physical activity, emotional stress (may be a sign of hyperventilation syndrome);
• too frequent shallow breathing (occurs in acidosis - a shift of acid-base balance towards increased acidity, which is typical of diabetic coma, intense inflammatory process, high fever or poisoning).

In disorders of blood circulation in the brain, symptomatology is also often represented by the appearance of shortness of breath after fever: the frequency of respiratory movements changes, the normal rhythm of breathing is disrupted. This occurs with stroke, cerebral edema, inflammatory processes (meningitis, encephalitis).

First signs

Shortness of breath is the sensation of not being able to take a deep breath in or out. People often experience this symptom not only after a fever, but also during intense sports training, climbing a high mountain, during a heat wave, etc. Sometimes there is a choking sensation, a problem breathing in or out, wheezing and/or coughing. Sometimes there is a feeling of suffocation, a problem with inhaling or exhaling, wheezing and/or coughing. Shortness of breath after a fever, occurring without obvious reasons, can indicate the development of serious respiratory, cardiac, neuromuscular, psychiatric diseases. Different types of breathing problems indicate different pathological processes.

Dyspnea can be acute (lasts for hours or days) or chronic (lasts for weeks or months), inspiratory (problematic inhalation) or expiratory (problematic exhalation), or mixed.

The first signs of shortness of breath after a fever can be considered:

• the sensation of not enough air flowing into the lungs;
• difficulty breathing;
• difficulty exhaling;
• difficulty both inhaling and exhaling;
• a feeling of pressure in the chest;
• rapid shallow breathing;
• tachycardia;
• wheezing, coughing.

It is important to realize that shortness of breath after fever is only a symptom, which may have no connection with the previously elevated temperature. It is important to trace the real cause of this symptom, identify the underlying disease and start treatment.

Other likely first symptoms include:

• dizziness;
• trembling in fingers, hands, body;
• increased sweating;
• increased blood pressure.

Diagnostics of the shortness of breath after a fever

The diagnostic strategy depends on the specific case in which dyspnea after fever is present. If breathing becomes difficult suddenly, it is important to rule out pneumothorax and other emergency conditions as soon as possible. In addition to dyspnea, other possible symptoms - such as pain, bronchial secretion, hemoptysis, choking, etc. - should be noted.

First of all, the specialist conducts a physical examination. The type of breathing (shallow, deep), characteristic posture, the ratio of the duration of inhalation and exhalation, the participation of auxiliary respiratory muscles in the respiratory act is determined.

When assessing the cardiovascular system, attention is paid to signs of congestive heart failure (increased central venous pressure, peripheral edema, pathology of the III tone), mitral stenosis, venous thrombosis.

When examining the respiratory system, it is mandatory to auscultation, observe the movements of the chest and upper abdomen.

Laboratory tests are mainly represented by general and biochemical blood tests. It is especially important to exclude anemia and active inflammatory processes, as well as increased thrombosis.

Instrumental diagnosis may include the following tests:

• spirography;
• electrocardiography;
• Echocardiography;
• X-ray or CT scan of the chest organs.

In patients with an abrupt onset of dyspnea after fever, radiography can be quite informative - with signs of pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pneumothorax. This allows you to immediately proceed to the necessary therapeutic measures.

If dyspnea progresses gradually, slowly, radiography may also be useful in detecting airway pathologies, neuromuscular disease, recurrent pulmonary embolism.

To diagnose cardiomegaly an echocardiogram is indicative.

Functional tests play an important role in patients with progressively increasing and chronic dyspnea. During spirometry, restrictive and obstructive changes can be detected, which can be reversible in bronchial asthma and irreversible in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A more detailed examination with assessment of lung diffusion capacity, etc. Can identify various bronchopulmonary diseases or pathological conditions and determine their severity.

Decreased blood saturation during exercise in individuals with intact chest radiographs is indicative of interstitial lung damage.

Testing with six-minute walking helps to detect chronic bronchopulmonary pathology, and relatively complex cardiorespiratory test loads allow to determine the severity of cardiac or bronchopulmonary disease or their combination, or to find a hidden problem against the background of normal functional values in a calm state.

Differential diagnosis

The sudden appearance of shortness of breath after a fever is a serious indication for thorough diagnostic measures. Sometimes the cause can be trivial - for example, the presence of a large amount of viscous sputum, aspiration of food particles or vomit. But in most cases, you have to pay attention to additional symptomatology - in particular, chest pain. For example, intense unilateral pain often indicates pneumothorax, tracheal retraction to the intact side and loss of breath sounds suggest pleural effusion, and severe cardiac pain and low blood pressure may indicate thromboembolism.

Sudden onset dyspnea lasting more than one hour with dominant labored exhalation and inspiratory wheezing often indicates an acute attack of bronchial asthma, but may also be a symptom of acute left ventricular failure. In elderly patients, it is often difficult to differentiate these two pathologies: it is necessary to analyze the medical history, try to find similar episodes in the past.

If shortness of breath after fever develops for several hours or days, then the development of bronchopulmonary pathology can be suspected. The exacerbation of chronic bronchitis is accompanied by increased wheezing, and pneumonia - repeated fever and sputum separation.

In some intoxications (salicylates, methyl alcohol, ethylene glycol) or metabolic acidosis (diabetes mellitus, renal failure), dyspnea may be secondary, as a compensatory response to achieve respiratory alkalosis.

Additional symptoms should be evaluated to determine the likely cause of dyspnea after fever. Wheezing indicates a possible pleural effusion, collapsed lung, pneumothorax, pneumonia or pulmonary embolism. Abundant purulent sputum may suggest bronchiectasis, while scanty sputum is characteristic of chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma or pneumonia. A large volume of frothy pinkish secretion may indicate the development of left ventricular failure or bronchioloalveolar tumor. Dyspnea and weakness after fever are found in neuromuscular pathologies (myasthenia gravis, motor neuron disorders).

Treatment of the shortness of breath after a fever

Depending on the cause of shortness of breath after fever, treatment may be different, involving special procedures and drug therapy. Recall that it is not the dyspnea itself that is treated, but the disease that provoked this symptom. Among the possible therapeutic methods:

• oxygen therapy (oxygenation);
• inhalations;
• physiotherapy treatments;
• taking and administering medications;
• breathing exercises;
• LFK, massage.

For each situation, one or another method is appropriate: only the doctor determines which one is effective for the patient.

• Oxygen therapy is prescribed for severe oxygen deficiency. The procedure uses a barochamber: oxygen is supplied under high pressure.
• Inhalations are carried out with drugs that liquefy viscous bronchial secretion, as well as antiseptics, saline solutions, bronchodilators, expectorants.
• Physiotherapy treatments include ultra-high frequency therapy, electrophoresis, amplipulsterapy (application of alternating sinusoidal currents).
• Drug treatment involves, depending on the situation, the appointment of antiviral, expectorants, immunomodulators, bronchodilators, antibiotics and so on.

In addition to the main treatment, the doctor gives the patient recommendations on nutrition, exercise, breathing exercises. However, it is not possible to independently prescribe yourself certain exercises or procedures: therapeutic methods should be discussed with a medical specialist. Nevertheless, several general recommendations can be emphasized:

• moderate physical activity, exercise, walking at a moderate pace;
• active outdoor games, walks in the forest or park;
• moderate cardio exercise.

The most common and safe breathing exercises that are appropriate for most patients with shortness of breath after a fever:

• The patient sits on a chair, keeping the back straight. Places one hand on the chest and the other on the abdomen. Performs a gradual long inhalation through the nose and exhalation through the mouth.
• Before making any effort (for example, a step on the stairs), a person inhales, and in the process of performing the movement - exhales. A person necessarily inhales with the nose and exhales with the mouth.

Breathing exercises should be performed systematically.

To reduce dyspnea after fever in patients with cardiac pathologies, cardiac glycosides are used. Peripheral vasodilators and diuretics are prescribed for preload or postload on the myocardium.

In severe respiratory disorders, glucocorticosteroids may need to be used. Inhaled forms of such drugs are indicated for patients with bronchial asthma.

Complications and consequences

Many people prefer to treat infectious diseases with folk remedies and do not go to doctors. However, self-treatment and carrying diseases "on their feet" are the most common causes of complications, including the appearance of shortness of breath after a fever.

A particularly common complication in this situation is the transition of pathology into a chronic course. We can talk about chronic laryngitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, etc. Often develops tonsillitis, which without adequate treatment can, in turn, be complicated by rheumatism or nephritis.

If shortness of breath begins or continues after the temperature has normalized or decreased, if a cough appears, after which the temperature rises again, we can suspect the development of bronchitis.

A particularly frequent cause of shortness of breath after fever is smoking, which can also be complicated by the development of already chronic bronchitis. Many people, even those who do not ignore the treatment of infectious pathologies, forget about the need to stop smoking, at least until full recovery.

Other possible complications include:

• Lymphadenitis is an inflammation of the lymph nodes, more often the cervical lymph nodes. The lymph nodes become enlarged and painful. At the same time, the temperature may rise again.
• Cardiovascular pathologies. After a strong or prolonged rise in temperature, the load on the cardiovascular apparatus increases, the risks of angina pectoris, myocarditis, exacerbation of hypertension increase. Oxygen supply to the blood is hampered, the heart and blood vessels begin to work with great effort.
• Pneumonia (inflammation of the lungs). Depending on the extent of lung damage, shortness of breath appears, temperature rises again, fever develops, there is chest pain. If this complication is not treated, the consequences can be deplorable, up to the lethal outcome.

If the temperature drops, but shortness of breath appears, it significantly worsens the well-being of the person, becomes the cause of anxiety and anxiety, sleep disorders. If gas exchange in the body is disturbed, other symptoms may appear:

• change in blood pressure;
• pulmonary edema;
• gasp;
• blueing of the nasolabial triangle, fingers;
• cough;
• pain behind the sternum;
• increased sweating.

Pulmonary edema and heart failure are among the most serious possible life-threatening complications. If shortness of breath after a fever worsens or does not go away at rest, you should seek medical attention as a matter of urgency.

Prevention

Dyspnea after fever is not a disease, but a probable sign of the development of cardiac or pulmonary pathology. This problem can be eliminated if the underlying disease is treated in a timely and quality manner.

For preventive purposes, doctors recommend adhering to these rules:

• regularly perform gymnastics, maintain physical activity to improve adaptation of the respiratory system and strengthen muscle tone (if there are no contraindications);
• avoid contact with potential allergens (if a person is prone to allergic reactions);
• prevent seasonal infections (influenza, coronavirus infection);
• give up bad habits, don't smoke;
• control your own weight, watch your diet.

Prevention of many infectious diseases is based on vaccination - in particular, vaccines against influenza, coronavirus, and pneumococcal vaccine are actively used to prevent complications from viral infectious diseases. The pneumococcal vaccine is safe and has been shown to be effective against more than two dozen types of bacterial pathogens. Any vaccination is carried out only after prior consultation with a medical specialist and comprehensive diagnostics (electrocardiography, ultrasound, laboratory tests are performed to exclude the presence of contraindications in the form of chronic pathologies and tumor processes).

In general, shortness of breath after fever is prevented by timely referral to doctors and treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Vaccination reduces the risks of complications and minimizes the likelihood of the course of the disease in a severe form.