Postinfarction cardiosclerosis

A fairly severe pathology, which is the replacement of myocardial cells by connective structures, as a consequence of myocardial infarction - post-infarction cardiosclerosis. This pathological process significantly disrupts the functioning of the heart itself and, as a consequence, the entire body as a whole.

ICD-10 code

This disease has its own code according to ICD (International Classification of Diseases). It is I25.1 – called “Atherosclerotic heart disease. Coronary (arteries): atheroma, atherosclerosis, disease, sclerosis”.

Causes of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

As mentioned above, the pathology is caused by the replacement of necrotic myocardial structures with connective tissue cells, which cannot but lead to deterioration of cardiac activity. And there are several reasons that can trigger such a process, but the main one is the consequences of a myocardial infarction suffered by the patient.

Cardiologists distinguish these pathological changes in the body as a separate disease belonging to the group of ischemic heart diseases. Usually, the diagnosis in question appears in the card of a person who has suffered a heart attack, two to four months after the attack. During this time, the process of myocardial scarring is mostly completed.

After all, a heart attack is a focal death of cells that must be replenished by the body. Due to the circumstances, the replacement is not with analogs of cardiac muscle cells, but with scar-connective tissue. It is this transformation that leads to the disease discussed in this article.

Depending on the localization and scale of the focal lesion, the degree of cardiac activity is determined. After all, "new" tissues do not have the ability to contract and are not capable of transmitting electrical impulses.

Due to the pathology that has arisen, the heart chambers are stretched and deformed. Depending on the localization of the foci, tissue degeneration may affect the heart valves.

Another cause of the pathology in question may be myocardial dystrophy. A change in the heart muscle that appears as a result of a deviation in its metabolism from the norm, which leads to circulatory disorders as a result of a decrease in the contractility of the heart muscle.

Trauma can also lead to such an ailment. But the last two cases, as catalysts for the problem, are much less common.

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Symptoms of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

The clinical form of manifestation of this disease directly depends on the place of formation of necrotic foci and, accordingly, scars. That is, the more extensive the scarring, the more severe the symptomatic manifestations.

The symptoms are quite varied, but the main one is heart failure. The patient can also feel the following discomfort:

• Arrhythmia is a disruption in the rhythmic functioning of an organ.
• Progressive dyspnea.
• Decreased resistance to physical exertion.
• Tachycardia is an increase in heart rate.
• Orthopnea is difficulty breathing while lying down.
• Night attacks of cardiac asthma may occur. After 5-20 minutes after the patient changes his body position to vertical (standing, sitting), breathing is restored and the person comes to his senses. If this is not done, then against the background of arterial hypertension, which is a concomitant element of the pathology, ontogenesis - pulmonary edema - may quite reasonably occur. Or as it is also called acute left ventricular failure.
• Attacks of spontaneous angina, in which case pain may not accompany this attack. This fact may manifest itself against the background of coronary circulation disorder.
• If the right ventricle is affected, swelling of the lower extremities may occur.
• Enlargement of the venous pathways in the neck area may be visible.
• Hydrothorax is an accumulation of transudate (fluid of non-inflammatory origin) in the pleural cavity.
• Acrocyanosis is a bluish discoloration of the skin associated with insufficient blood supply to small capillaries.
• Hydropericardium is dropsy of the pericardium.
• Hepatomegaly is a congestion of blood in the vessels of the liver.

Large focal postinfarction cardiosclerosis

The large-focal type of pathology is the most severe form of the disease, leading to serious disruptions in the functioning of the affected organ, and the entire body as a whole.

In this case, myocardial cells are partially or completely replaced by connective tissues. Large areas of replaced tissue significantly reduce the efficiency of the human pump, including these changes can affect the valve system, which only worsens the situation. With such a clinical picture, a timely, fairly thorough examination of the patient is necessary, who will subsequently have to be very attentive to his health.

The main symptoms of large-focal pathology include:

• The appearance of respiratory discomfort.
• Disruptions in the normal rhythm of contractions.
• Manifestation of pain symptoms in the sternal region.
• Increased fatigue.
• There may be quite noticeable swelling of the lower and upper extremities, and in rare cases, of the entire body.

It is quite difficult to identify the causes of this particular type of illness, especially if the source is a disease suffered relatively long ago. Doctors indicate only a few: •

• Diseases of an infectious and/or viral nature.
• Acute allergic reactions of the body to any external irritant.

Atherosclerotic post-infarction cardiosclerosis

This type of pathology under consideration is caused by the progression of ischemic heart disease through the replacement of myocardial cells with connective cells, due to atherosclerotic damage to the coronary arteries.

To put it simply, against the background of a prolonged lack of oxygen and nutrients that the heart experiences, the division of connective cells between cardiomyocytes (muscle cells of the heart) is activated, which leads to the development and progression of the atherosclerotic process.

The lack of oxygen occurs due to the accumulation of cholesterol plaques on the walls of blood vessels, which leads to a decrease or complete blockage of the blood flow cross-section.

Even if complete blockage of the lumen does not occur, the amount of blood supplied to the organ decreases, and, consequently, the cells do not receive enough oxygen. This deficiency is especially felt by the heart muscles even with minor loads.

In people who undergo heavy physical exertion but have atherosclerotic problems with blood vessels, post-infarction cardiosclerosis manifests itself and progresses much more actively.

In turn, the following can lead to a decrease in the lumen of the coronary vessels:

• A failure in lipid metabolism leads to an increase in the level of cholesterol in the plasma, which accelerates the development of sclerotic processes.
• Chronically high blood pressure. Hypertension increases the speed of blood flow, which provokes blood microvortices. This fact creates additional conditions for the deposition of cholesterol plaques.
• Addiction to nicotine. When it enters the body, it provokes capillary spasms, which temporarily worsens blood flow and, consequently, the supply of oxygen to systems and organs. At the same time, chronic smokers have elevated cholesterol levels in the blood.
• Genetic predisposition.
• Excess kilograms add stress, which increases the likelihood of developing ischemia.
• Constant stress activates the adrenal glands, which leads to an increase in the level of hormones in the blood.

In this situation, the development of the disease in question proceeds measuredly at a low speed. The left ventricle is primarily affected, since it bears the greatest load, and it suffers the most during oxygen starvation.

For some time, the pathology does not manifest itself. A person begins to feel discomfort when almost all muscle tissue is already covered with inclusions of connective tissue cells.

Analyzing the mechanism of development of the disease, we can conclude that it is diagnosed in people whose age has crossed the forty-year mark.

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Lower postinfarction cardiosclerosis

Due to its anatomical structure, the right ventricle is located in the lower region of the heart. It is “served” by the pulmonary circulation. It received this name due to the fact that the circulating blood only captures the lung tissue and the heart itself, without feeding other human organs.

In the pulmonary circulation, only venous blood flows. Due to all these factors, this area of the human motor is least susceptible to the influence of negative factors that lead to the disease discussed in this article.

Complications of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

As a consequence of developing post-infarction cardiosclerosis, other illnesses may develop in the future:

• Atrial fibrillation.
• Development of a left ventricular aneurysm that has become chronic.
• Various types of blockade: atrioventricular.
• The likelihood of various thromboses and thromboembolic manifestations increases.
• Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia.
• Ventricular extrasystole.
• Complete atrioventricular block.
• Sick sinus syndrome.
• Pericardial tamponade.
• In particularly severe cases, an aneurysm may rupture and, as a result, the patient may die.

At the same time, the patient’s quality of life decreases:

• Shortness of breath increases.
• Performance and exercise tolerance are reduced.
• Cardiac contraction disturbances are visible.
• Rhythm breakdowns appear.
• Ventricular and atrial fibrillation can usually be observed.

In the event of the development of an atherosclerotic disease, the side symptoms can also affect non-cardiac areas of the victim’s body.

• Impaired sensitivity in the extremities. The feet and phalanges of the fingers are particularly affected.
• Cold extremities syndrome.
• Atrophy may develop.
• Pathological disorders can affect the vascular system of the brain, eyes and other areas.

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Sudden death in post-infarction cardiosclerosis

As sad as it may sound, a person suffering from the disease in question has a high risk of developing asystole (cessation of bioelectrical activity, leading to cardiac arrest), and as a consequence, sudden clinical death. Therefore, the relatives of this patient should be prepared for such an outcome, especially if the process is quite advanced.

Another reason that leads to sudden death and is a consequence of post-infarction cardiosclerosis is considered to be the exacerbation of pathology and the development of cardiogenic shock. It is this, with untimely assistance (and in some cases with it) that becomes the starting point of death.

Ventricular fibrillation of the heart, that is, scattered and multidirectional contraction of individual bundles of myocardial fibers, can also provoke lethality.

Based on the above, it should be understood that a person who has been diagnosed with the disease in question must take special care of their health, regularly monitoring their blood pressure, heart rate and rhythm, and regularly visiting their attending physician - a cardiologist. This is the only way to reduce the risk of sudden death.

Diagnosis of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

• If a heart disease is suspected, including the one discussed in this article, the cardiologist will prescribe a number of tests for the patient:
• Analysis of the patient's medical history.
• Physical examination by a doctor.
• Tries to establish whether the patient has arrhythmia and how stable it is.
• Conducting an electrocardiography. This method is quite informative and can “tell” a qualified specialist quite a lot.
• Ultrasound examination of the heart.
• The purpose of rhythmocardiography is an additional non-invasive electrophysiological study of the heart, with the help of which the doctor obtains a record of the rhythm variability of the blood-pumping organ.
• Positron emission tomography (PET) of the heart is a radionuclide tomographic study that allows one to find the location of hypoperfusion foci.
• Coronary angiography is a radiopaque method for studying the coronary artery of the heart to diagnose coronary heart disease using X-rays and contrast fluid.
• Conducting an echocardiogram is one of the ultrasound examination methods aimed at studying morphological and functional changes in the heart and its valve apparatus.
• Determining the frequency of manifestations of heart failure.
• Radiography allows us to determine the change in the dimensional parameters of the biological mechanism under study. This fact is mainly revealed by the left half.
• In order to diagnose or exclude transient ischemia, in some cases a person has to undergo stress tests.
• A cardiologist, if the medical institution has such equipment, can prescribe Holter monitoring, which allows for 24-hour monitoring of the patient’s heart.
• Conducting ventriculography. This is a more narrowly focused examination, an X-ray method of assessing the chambers of the heart, in which a contrast agent is introduced. In this case, the image of the contrasted ventricle is recorded on a special film or other recording device.

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Postinfarction cardiosclerosis on ECG

ECG or as it stands for - electrocardiography. This method of medical examination aimed at analyzing the bioelectrical activity of myocardial fibers. An electrical impulse, arising in the sinus node, passes, due to a certain level of conductivity, along the fibers. In parallel with the passage of the pulse signal, a contraction of cardiomyocytes is observed.

During electrocardiography, special sensitive electrodes and a recording device register the direction of the moving impulse. Thanks to this, the specialist can obtain a clinical picture of the work of individual structures of the cardiac complex.

An experienced cardiologist, having an ECG of a patient, is able to obtain an assessment of the main parameters of work:

• Level of automatism. The ability of various sections of the human pump to independently generate a pulse of the required frequency, which excites the myocardial fibers. Extrasystole is assessed.
• The degree of conductivity is the ability of cardiac fibers to conduct the signal from the place of its origin to the contracting myocardium - cardiomyocytes. It becomes possible to see whether there is a lag in the contractile activity of a particular valve or muscle group. Usually, a mismatch in their work occurs precisely when conductivity is disrupted.
• Evaluation of the excitability level under the influence of the created bioelectric impulse. In a healthy state, under the influence of this irritation, a contraction of a certain group of muscles occurs.

The procedure itself is painless and takes little time. Taking into account all the preparation, it will take 10-15 minutes. At the same time, the cardiologist receives a quick, fairly informative result. It should also be noted that the procedure itself is not expensive, which makes it accessible to the general population, including the poor.

Preparatory activities include:

• The patient must bare his torso, wrists and legs.
• The medical worker performing the procedure moistens these areas with water (or soap solution). After this, the impulse transmission and, accordingly, the level of its perception by the electrical device improves.
• Pinches and suction cups are placed on the ankle, wrists and chest, which will catch the necessary signals.

At the same time, there are accepted requirements, the implementation of which must be strictly monitored:

• A yellow electrode is attached to the left wrist.
• On the right one - red tint.
• A green electrode is placed on the left ankle.
• On the right - black.
• Special suction cups are placed on the chest in the heart area. In most cases, there should be six of them.

After receiving the diagrams, the cardiologist evaluates:

• The height of the voltage of the QRS indicator teeth (ventricular contractility failure).
• The level of displacement of the S-T criterion. The probability of their decrease below the normal isoline.
• Evaluation of T peaks: the degree of decrease from the norm is analyzed, including the transition to negative values.
• The types of tachycardia of different frequencies are considered. Atrial flutter or fibrillation is assessed.
• Presence of blockades. Evaluation of failures in the conductivity of the conductive bundle of cardiac tissues.

An electrocardiogram must be deciphered by a qualified specialist who, based on various types of deviations from the norm, is able to put together the entire clinical picture of the disease, localizing the source of the pathology and making the correct diagnosis.

Treatment of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

Considering that this pathology is a rather complex manifestation and due to the important function that this organ performs for the body, therapy to relieve this problem must necessarily be comprehensive.

These are non-drug and drug methods, if necessary, surgical treatment. Only timely and full-scale treatment can achieve a positive resolution of the problem with ischemic disease.

If the pathology is not very advanced, then by means of drug correction it is possible to eliminate the source of the deviation, restoring normal functioning. By acting directly on the links of pathogenesis, for example, the source of atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis (formed cholesterol plaques, vascular occlusion, arterial hypertension, etc.), it is quite possible to cure the disease (if it is in its infancy) or significantly support normal metabolism and functioning.

It should also be noted that self-medication with this clinical picture is absolutely unacceptable. Medication can only be prescribed with a confirmed diagnosis. Otherwise, the patient can be harmed even more, worsening the situation. In this case, irreversible processes can occur. Therefore, even the attending physician - a cardiologist, before prescribing therapy, must be absolutely sure of the correctness of the diagnosis.

In the atherosclerotic form of the disease in question, a group of medications is used to combat heart failure. These are pharmacological agents such as:

• Metabolites: ricavit, midolate, mildronate, apilak, ribonosine, glycine, milife, biotredin, antisten, riboxin, cardionat, succinic acid, cardiomagnyl and others.
• Fibrates: normolip, gemfibrozil, gevilon, ciprofibrate, fenofibrate, ipolipid, bezafibrate, regulipi and others.
• Statins: Recol, Mevacor, Cardiostatin, Pitavastatin, Lovasterol, Atorvastatin, Rovacor, Pravastatin, Apexstatin, Simvastatin, Lovacor, Rosuvastatin, Fluvastatin, Medostatin, Lovastatin, Choletar, Cerivastatin and others.

The metabolic agent glycine is quite well accepted by the body. The only contraindication to its use is hypersensitivity to one or more components of the drug.

The medicine is administered in two ways: under the tongue (sublingually) or placed between the upper lip and gum (transbuccally) until completely dissolved.

The drug is prescribed in dosage depending on the patient’s age:

For children under three years old - half a tablet (50 ml) two to three times a day. This regimen is practiced for one to two weeks. Then, for seven to ten days, half a tablet once a day.

Children who are already three years old and adult patients are prescribed a whole tablet two to three times a day. This regimen is practiced for one to two weeks. If therapeutically necessary, the treatment course is extended to a month, then a month-long break and a repeated course of treatment.

The hypolipidemic drug gemfibrozil is prescribed by the attending physician orally half an hour before meals. The recommended dosage is 0.6 g twice a day (in the morning and evening) or 0.9 g once a day (in the evening). The tablet should not be chewed. The maximum permissible dosage is 1.5 g. The duration of treatment is one and a half months, and longer if necessary.

Contraindications to this medication include: primary biliary cirrhosis of the liver, increased intolerance of the patient's body to the components of gemfibrozil, as well as the period of pregnancy and breastfeeding.

The hypolipidemic drug fluvastatin is administered regardless of food intake, whole, without chewing, together with a small amount of water. It is recommended to use in the evening or immediately before bedtime.

The starting dosage is selected individually - from 40 to 80 mg per day and is adjusted depending on the effect achieved. At a mild stage of the disorder, a reduction to 20 mg per day is allowed.

Contraindications for this medication include: acute diseases affecting the liver, general severe condition of the patient, individual intolerance to the components of the drug, pregnancy, lactation (in women) and childhood, since the absolute safety of the drug has not been proven.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE blockers) are also used: olivin, normapress, invoril, captopril, minipril, lerin, enalapril, renipril, calpiren, corandil, enalacor, miopril and others.

The ACE blocker enalapril is taken regardless of food. For monotherapy, the starting dose is a single dose of 5 mg daily. If the therapeutic effect is not observed, after a week or two it can be increased to 10 mg. The drug should be taken under constant monitoring by a specialist.

If tolerated well and if necessary, the dosage can be increased to 40 mg daily, divided into one or two doses throughout the day.

The maximum daily intake is 40 mg.

When administered together with a diuretic, the latter must be discontinued a couple of days before the administration of enalapril.

The drug is contraindicated in case of hypersensitivity to its components, during pregnancy and lactation.

Diuretics are also included in the complex therapy: furosemide, kinex, indap, lasix and others.

Furosemide in tablet form is taken on an empty stomach, without chewing. The maximum daily dose for adult patients is 1.5 g. The starting dosage is determined based on 1 - 2 mg per kilogram of the patient's weight (in some cases, up to 6 mg per kilogram is allowed). The next dose of the drug is not allowed earlier than six hours after the initial administration.

Edema indicators in chronic heart failure are relieved with a dosage of 20 to 80 mg daily, divided into two to three doses (for an adult patient).

Contraindications for use may include the following diseases: acute renal and/or hepatic dysfunction, comatose or pre-comatose state, water-electrolyte imbalance, severe glomerulonephritis, decompensated mitral or aortic stenosis, childhood (under 3 years), pregnancy and lactation.

To activate and normalize heart contractions, drugs such as lanoxin, dilanacin, strophanthin, dilacor, lanicor or digoxin are often taken.

The cardiotonic agent, cardiac glycoside, digoxin is prescribed in a starting amount of up to 250 mcg daily (for patients whose weight does not exceed 85 kg) and up to 375 mcg daily (for patients whose weight exceeds 85 kg).

For elderly patients, this amount is reduced to 6.25 - 12.5 mg (a quarter or half a tablet).

It is not recommended to administer digoxin if a person has a history of diseases such as glycoside intoxication, second-degree or complete AV block, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, or hypersensitivity to the drug.

If a combination of drug and non-drug therapy does not produce the expected effect, the council prescribes surgical treatment. The range of operations performed is quite wide:

• Dilation of narrowed coronary vessels, allowing normalization of the volume of passing blood.
• Bypass surgery is the creation of an additional path around the affected area of a vessel using a system of bypasses. The operation is performed on an open heart.
• Stenting is a minimally invasive intervention aimed at restoring the normal lumen of affected arteries by implanting a metal structure into the vessel cavity.
• Balloon angioplasty is an intravascular bloodless surgical intervention used to eliminate stenosis (narrowing).

The main methods of physiotherapy have not found their application in the treatment protocol of the disease in question. Only electrophoresis can be used. It is applied locally to the cardiac area. In this case, drugs from the statin group are used, which, thanks to this therapy, are delivered directly to the sore spot.

Sanatorium and resort therapy with mountain air has proven itself well. As an additional method, specialized therapeutic exercise is also used, which will allow you to raise the overall tone of the body and normalize blood pressure.

Psychotherapy with a diagnosis of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

Psychotherapeutic therapy is a system of therapeutic influence on the psyche and through the psyche on the human body. It will not interfere with the relief of the disease discussed in this article. After all, how correctly a person is tuned in, in terms of treatment, largely depends on his attitude in therapy, the correctness of the implementation of all doctor's instructions. And as a result - a higher degree of the result obtained.

It should only be noted that this therapy (psychotherapeutic treatment) should be carried out only by an experienced specialist. After all, the human psyche is a delicate organ, damage to which can lead to an unpredictable outcome.

Nursing care for post-infarction cardiosclerosis

The responsibilities of mid-level medical personnel in caring for patients diagnosed with post-infarction cardiosclerosis include:

• General care for such a patient:
  • Replacement of bedding and body linens.
  • Sanitation of premises with ultraviolet rays.
  • Ventilation of the ward.
  • Compliance with the instructions of the attending physician.
  • Conducting preparatory activities before diagnostic tests or surgical intervention.
  • Teaching the patient and his relatives how to correctly administer nitroglycerin during a pain attack.
  • Teaching this same category of people to keep a diary of observations, which will subsequently allow the treating doctor to track the dynamics of the disease.
• The responsibility for conducting conversations on the topic of caring for one's health and the consequences of ignoring problems falls on the shoulders of mid-level medical personnel. The need for timely intake of medications, monitoring of the daily routine and nutrition. Mandatory daily monitoring of the patient's condition.
• Help in finding motivation to change lifestyle that would reduce risk factors for pathology and its progression.
• Conducting advisory training on disease prevention issues.

Clinical observation for post-infarction cardiosclerosis

A medical examination is a set of active measures that ensures systematic monitoring of a patient who has been diagnosed with the disease discussed in this article.

The following symptoms are indications for a medical examination:

• The occurrence of angina pectoris.
• Progression of angina tension.
• If you experience heart pain and shortness of breath while at rest.
• Vasospastic, that is, spontaneous pain symptoms and other symptoms of angina pectoris.

All patients with these manifestations are subject to mandatory hospitalization in specialized cardiology departments. Outpatient monitoring for post-infarction cardiosclerosis includes:

• 24-hour monitoring of the patient and identification of his anamnesis.
• Diversified research and consultation with other specialists.
• Caring for the sick.
• Establishing the correct diagnosis, the source of the pathology and prescribing a treatment protocol.
• Monitoring the patient's susceptibility to a particular pharmacological drug.
• Regular monitoring of the body's condition.
• Sanitary, hygienic and economic measures.

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Prevention of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

Promoting a healthy lifestyle means reducing the risk of any disease, including prevention of post-infarction cardiosclerosis.

In these activities, nutrition and the lifestyle that is inherent to a given person come first. Therefore, people who strive to maintain their health as long as possible should adhere to simple rules:

• The diet should be complete and balanced, rich in vitamins (especially magnesium and potassium) and microelements. Portions should be small, but it is advisable to eat five to six times a day, without overeating.
• Watch your weight.
• Avoid heavy daily physical activity.
• Good sleep and rest.
• It is necessary to avoid stressful situations. The person's condition should be emotionally stable.
• Timely and adequate treatment of myocardial infarction.
• A special therapeutic exercise complex is recommended. Therapeutic walking.
• Balneotherapy is treatment with mineral waters.
• Regular dispensary monitoring.
• Sanatorium and resort treatment.
• Walking before bed and staying in a ventilated room.
• Positive attitude. If necessary – psychotherapy, communication with nature and animals, watching positive programs.
• Preventive massages.

It is worth dwelling on nutrition in more detail. Coffee and alcoholic drinks should disappear from the diet of such a patient, as well as products that have a stimulating effect on the cells of the nervous and cardiovascular systems:

• Cocoa and strong tea.
• Minimize salt intake.
• Limited – onions and garlic.
• Fatty fish and meat.

It is necessary to remove from the diet foods that provoke increased gas production in the human intestine:

• All legumes.
• Radish and turnip.
• Milk.
• Cabbage, especially sauerkraut.
• By-products that provoke the deposition of “bad” cholesterol in the vessels should disappear from the diet: internal organs of animals, liver, lungs, kidneys, brains.
• Smoked and spicy foods are not allowed.
• Eliminate from your diet supermarket products with a large number of E-numbers: stabilizers, emulsifiers, various dyes and chemical flavor enhancers.

Prognosis of post-infarction cardiosclerosis

The prognosis of post-infarction cardiosclerosis directly depends on the location of pathological changes in the myocardium, as well as the severity of the disease.

If the left ventricle, which supplies blood to the systemic circulation, is affected, and the blood flow itself is reduced by more than 20% of the norm, then the quality of life of such patients is significantly impaired. With such a clinical picture, drug treatment acts as a supportive therapy, but cannot completely cure the disease. Without an organ transplant, the survival rate of such patients does not exceed five years.

The pathology under consideration is directly related to the formation of scar tissues that replace healthy cells that have undergone ischemia and necrosis. This replacement leads to the fact that the area of focal lesions completely "falls out" of the working process, the remaining healthy cells try to pull a large load against the background of which heart failure develops. The more affected areas, the more severe the degree of pathology, the more difficult it is to eliminate the symptoms and the source of pathology, leading the tissues to recovery. After diagnosis, therapeutic therapy is aimed at the maximum elimination of the problem and prevention of recurrence of infarction.

The heart is a human engine that requires certain care and attention. Only if all preventive measures are taken can we expect it to function normally for a long time. But if something goes wrong and a diagnosis of post-infarction cardiosclerosis is made, then you should not delay treatment in order to prevent the development of more serious complications. In such a situation, you should not rely on solving the problem on your own. Only with a timely diagnosis and taking adequate measures under the constant supervision of a qualified specialist can we talk about the high efficiency of the result. This approach to the problem will improve the patient's quality of life, or even save his life!