Red points on the body of women, men and children: what is it, the types of rash

It rarely happens that an adult has an absolutely clean skin: usually on its surface there are various birthmarks and pigment spots, warts, rashes and other formations of different shapes and diameters. However, if most birthmarks are mild, the incomprehensible red spots on the body often cause concern. It should be noted that in many cases, such anxiety is justified, since red dots may indicate serious pathologies. How to identify the disease? In what situations should I contact the doctor, and in which cases - not necessarily?

What are the red dots on the body called?

The very red patches, which so make many patients worry, are called in medicine angiomas. This term can be called collective, because it includes a number of tumor-like vascular neoplasms that are benign in nature. Such formations may consist of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels.

What do the red dots on the body mean, and are they dangerous?

Angiomas are benign elements, and it would be wrong to call them dangerous. Even with multiple spreading, doctors do not consider this a negative sign: provided that the neoplasms do not cause anxiety and discomfort. If the blotches increase in size, change the color shade, begin to bleed or give off serous / purulent fluid, then the alarm is justified: you need to visit a doctor without delay.

Causes of the red dots on the body

Most often, red spots on the body mask the angiomas - small vascular plexuses, which are often formed in different parts of the body in people who have problems with the liver, digestive or circulatory system. But not in all cases it is a question of an angiome, other reasons are possible also:

• hemangioma (plexus of small blood vessels);
• systemic connective tissue diseases;
• shortage of essential vitamins, as well as associated weakening of the vessel wall;
• mechanical damage to tissues;
• diseases of the nervous system;
• Infectious-inflammatory pathologies;
• allergic reactions.

Let's consider some of the above reasons in more detail.

Red points on the body with vascular pathology are not uncommon, especially with a prolonged shortage in the body of ascorbic acid and vitamin K. These substances provide strength and elasticity of the vessels, making them invulnerable to external influences. This type of red vascular points on the body do not appear on the "level ground": their appearance can be further provoked by minor skin lesions, scrapes, bruises. And only a strong hypovitaminosis causes the spontaneous appearance of rashes.

If there are periodic red spots on the body, liver dysfunction is suspected in the first place. In this case, the frequency of the appearance of points depends on how much the organ is affected. Violation of metabolism, hormonal balance, accumulation of toxic substances in the blood leads to systemic suppression of vascular tone. In this case, the characteristic hepatic red dots on the body are found mainly on the skin of the abdomen and back, as well as on the face.

Red spots on the body are often formed at pancreatitis - namely, in chronic course of the disease. In medicine, this condition even has its name - a symptom of Tuzhilin. Points appear mainly in the chest and abdomen: they are painless, do not itch and do not disturb, but look like a damaged small vessel.

Red points on the body like capillaries arise not only in problems with the liver and pancreas, but also in patients with neurocircular dystonia. Violation of the regulation of the vascular tone is characteristic of the processes of intensive restructuring in the body - for example, in the period of increased hormonal activity, or with frequent and deep stresses. Excessive expansion of the lumen of the vessels causes their damage, which is outwardly manifested by the formation of red dots.

Some people panic when they find red dots on the body after the bath. They are usually the result of activation of the subcutaneous capillary network: at a standard temperature, these capillaries are not completely filled, and the movement of blood in them is slowed. At high temperatures, the rate of blood circulation increases, the vessels expand, filling them with blood increases. After the normalization of the temperature regime, such red spots and spots on the body pass independently.

Red spots on the body after allergies are common enough, because the rash is one of the main signs of an allergic process. Single or multiple points can appear when in contact with chemical household products, as well as after consuming certain types of food or medicines. After removing contact with the allergen after a while, the problematic rash disappears.

By the way, if after the solarium appeared red dots on the body, then this, too, is one of the varieties of allergies. It is also called solar, or photo-dermatitis. In such a situation, a person has red dots and spots on the body that are accompanied by itching. Their most frequent localization is the shoulders, neck, limbs. In order to prevent the appearance of this problem, it is recommended, or completely refrain from visiting the solarium, or reduce the intensity of ultraviolet radiation and shorten the duration of the procedure. Directly before the procedure, any sunscreen should be used with a powerful protection factor against the effects of UVA and UVB irradiation.

[1]

Risk factors

In some people, the risk of red dot on the body is particularly high. For example, in such a risk zone are the following categories of patients:

• small children, whose circulatory and nervous system is at the stage of formation;
• elderly people who already have a number of chronic diseases, and the tissues and blood vessels are changed according to age;
• teenagers experiencing a period of sexual development;
• women in the period of expectation of the child (due to the powerful hormonal activity);
• people who take long-term medications, or who are addicted to allergic reactions;
• Patients with weakened immunity, often ill;
• smoking and drinking people, as well as those who work in harmful industries and / and often sunbathing in the sun or in the solarium.

[2], [3]

Pathogenesis

There is no single pathogenesis of the appearance of red dots on the human body. And as for the appearance of such a problem as angiomas or red moles, scientists have not yet come to a common opinion: a clear etiology of the development of such neoplasms at the moment is absent. There are many theories about the origin of such elements: it is the abuse of ultraviolet irradiation, and frequent stressful situations, and improper nutrition, and hypersensitivity of the body. However, specialists can not provide a single scientifically proven information yet.

Modern science often indicates such a probable cause of the formation of red dots on the body, as hormonal changes in the body. However, other factors are also often voiced-for example, this may be a consequence of too intense sunburn, as well as the result of the use of certain hygiene products or the consequence of allergies. There is no clear answer to the question of the origin of the red points.

Because of the complexity of the etiology, doctors advise that if a person has red spots on his body, then a complete diagnostic course must be completed. Often the appearance of such rashes indicates the presence of other hidden pathologies.

[4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Epidemiology

There are no exact statistics on the occurrence of red dots on the body. First of all, because not all people turn to the doctor on this issue.

It is believed that such rashes usually occur in childhood and adolescence, during periods of improvement and reorganization of systems in the body. It is not uncommon and the appearance of dots in pregnant women, which is associated with powerful hormonal transformations.

According to doctors, about 80% of red dots in children disappear on their own. In adulthood, the independent disappearance of such elements is not observed so often, but the probability of such a favorable outcome is still present.

[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15]

Symptoms

On the body you can find different formations and small elements. And not always this is the usual pigment and discolored nevi. For example, unusual red dots on the body and legs are called angiomas and represent miniature plexuses of blood-filled small vessels. Such points are of a benign nature, and their appearance is caused by a malfunction in the operation of the blood and lymph circulation systems.

The outer first signs of such formations are not always the same. It is either slightly protruding above the skin surface bright cellular rashes, or lumpy branches, or small peas, or spots with fuzzy outlines.

Sometimes it happens that the red dots on the face and body are present in a person from birth. Such small specks consist of a vascular network and slightly rise above the skin. As a rule, no additional symptoms are detected.

In some people red dots on the body and hands have small vascular branches that move away from the main spot. Such an element in medicine is called spider-like, or stellate angioma. Surface angiomas can be different - from bright red to pinkish and even cyanotic. Education most often has a capillary structure. It's easy to verify: if you press down a point on your body with a finger, it will turn pale or disappear altogether. After cessation of compression, the element will again assume the same color.

In which part of the body can rashes appear? Absolutely anywhere, even under the hairline. True, the most frequently found red points on the body and chest, or on the hands - that is, in the most visible places.

Single or multiple elements can appear at any age, beginning with the period of the newborn. In childhood, the problem often disappears as quickly as it appears - and independently, without any intervention from the doctors.

Of course, not always the rash on the body with red dots means angioma. Often the nature of the disease is slightly different - for example, allergic. With allergies red points on the body itch, become inflamed and even swell, and their appearance is always associated with the introduction of an allergen into the body. As an allergen, medicines, exotic fruits and other products, chemical household products can act. Many people scratch their bodies and appear red dots after contacting animals or after visiting the rooms in which they live. A similar reaction in young children can cause even ordinary water from the aqueduct. Detecting the allergen is an important time to fix the problem. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully analyze the situation and think about what could trigger the allergy.

Red dots on the abdomen of an adult patient sometimes result from a venereal disease. In particular, the rash can be localized in the lower abdomen, as well as in the genital area. With syphilitic lesions, the points are usually numerous, a light pinkish hue, with a gradual change in color towards brown. An accurate diagnosis will be made by the doctor after carrying out the necessary diagnostic procedures.

Red points on the body and temperature can indicate the development of any viral or microbial damage. Similar pathologies are more characteristic for childhood, although they are also found in adults. Bright examples of a combination of a red rash and a temperature are rubella, chickenpox (chicken pox), and measles. However, a particularly dangerous disease is children's meningococcal meningitis: among the symptoms, there are also some red spots that gradually spread into extensive necrotic foci. To avoid dangerous consequences, if a rash is detected simultaneously with a fever, you should immediately seek medical help.

Red dots on the body of an adult

The appearance of red dots on this or that part of the body is possible at any age, and no one can say the exact reasons. According to recent studies, red dots like angiomas in adults can not appear for the first time. The disease has an innate etiology, and the problem can not be detected for a long time. However, with a certain combination of circumstances, the element appears on the surface of the skin.

So it is, or not, but here there is some inconsistency of the facts. For example, red dots on the body of women appear mainly against the background of powerful hormonal changes. This can be a period of puberty, pregnancy, the period of menopause. And the congenital variant of the disease is not talking.

During one pregnancy the body of a woman experiences more changes in the balance of hormones than the body of a man in his entire life. Therefore it is not surprising that in this period women often have skin rashes, as well as other phenomena, the most of which occurs some time after the birth of the baby. It is generally accepted that red spots on the body during pregnancy are a variant of the norm and even a certain pattern, because the load on the organs during all 40 weeks is really the strongest. In addition to the appearance of new red dots, pregnant women can also change their "old" birthmarks - for example, some moles change color or size. In most cases, you do not need to panic, but a specialist's consultation in this matter will not hurt.

There is no need to hurry and immediately remove neoplasms: the red dots on the body after birth usually disappear on their own. Some of them - as a rule, the largest - can stay. And only then is the question of their removal considered, although they will not bring any harm.

Red dots on the body of men appear significantly less frequently than in women: their hormonal balance is relatively stable throughout life (exception - adolescence). However, it is possible for men to form a similar problem, for example, for the following reasons:

• incorrect work of the endocrine system;
• exposure to chemicals, production intoxication, radioactive radiation;
• frequent mechanical effects on certain areas of the body;
• prolonged deficiency of vitamins (in particular, ascorbic acid);
• chronic systemic diseases, liver diseases, pancreas, metabolism.

A sudden increase in the number of red dots on the body should alert. In such a situation it is better to be safe and get advice from a specialist - dermatologist, oncologist, surgeon.

Red points on the body of a child

Red points on the body of a newborn in many cases are the result of viral diseases, suffered by a woman during pregnancy. Such rashes of small sizes can not be treated: after a certain time they disappear on their own. Large formations (more than 15 mm in diameter) should be observed at the dermatologist.

At an older age - up to about 12 years, red dots on the body are formed less often. However, with the onset of the period of puberty, the risk of their appearance again increases, which is associated with hormonal changes in the body. Point elements, as a rule, are not dangerous, they do not cause any discomfort. But with the appearance of pain, itching, with a rapid increase in education, it is necessary to visit a doctor.

Stages

The red spots and spots on the body that are found in newborn babies are characterized by a special period of development. This period consists of stages:

• I stage can last from one to eight months and is considered from the moment of the birth of the baby. All this time, the element grows actively.
• The second stage lasts about one and a half years: the growth and distribution of red spots and spots ceases.
• Stage III is characterized by regression of the rash and lasts up to five to seven years.

For adults this classification is not available.

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Forms

Red dots in the vast majority of cases are benign, therefore they are not classified as dangerous. However, any changes in the growth and shape of the element should be alarmed and become an excuse to contact a specialist. In order to identify the red dots on the body, you need to have some idea of the varieties of this new growth.

• Red points on the body as moles are a capillary, or simple angioma, which is formed when the capillary network and other small vessels grow. Such points have the appearance of a bright or crimson element - from small points to a large spot. If you put pressure on such an education, it will turn pale. After cessation of compression, the color is restored.
• Small red dots on the body in some cases become one of the manifestations of neurocirculatory dystonia - a complex disorder of the cardiovascular system. To pathology often lead frequent or deep stresses, hormonal transformations or other processes that can cause a disturbance in the regulation of vascular tone. As a result, the vessels are overextended, and on the surface of the skin it looks like red vascular points.
• Red blood points on the body are sometimes formed on the site of damaged hair follicles. Similar can be observed due to rough shaving or poor-quality epilation. After a few days, such points disappear as the wounds heal.
• Red dots on the body in the form of bites can indeed be the result of an attack of insects, and are especially often caused by fleas, bugs, ants. The points from the bites of fleas are often located one after another, like a chain. The skin is then itchy, so when combing, the elements can change their external characteristics: a blister appears with a bloody center or a reddish-brown crust. Most often fleas leave their marks in the ankle, in the groin, on the back of the head. Bites bugs are located, either along a chain, or in isolation, on any part of the body. Attack these insects mainly at night, but the itching does not appear immediately, but after a while. The red dot from the bite is not small, a differently sized flat tubercle is formed. When combing, infection is possible.
• Bright red dots on the body can be found in people who have any problems with the digestive tract. The multiplicity or unity of formations depends on how much the underlying disease is expressed. The most common phenomenon is found in people who have liver problems, or with the pancreas.
• White spots with a red dot on the body are often observed in candidiasis. Additional symptoms are: palpable discomfort in the area of rashes, itching, unpleasant skin odor, peeling, etc. Also, white spots can indicate the initial stage of vitiligo development - a violation of pigmentation in the skin caused by the disappearance of the melanin pigment. The diagnosis is possible only on the basis of information obtained during diagnostic activities.
• Red dots on the body with a white middle appearing on the skin of the face, in the upper segment of the back and chest, are often a form of acne. Such a rash can be a consequence of changes in the hormonal background (for example, in adolescents), digestive disorders (for example, with constipation, dysbiosis, malnutrition), metabolic disorders (with obesity, hyperfunction of the sebaceous glands), and improper skin care. The approach to treatment is selected depending on the causes of the problem. It is better to get advice immediately from several specialists: dermatologist, endocrinologist, gastroenterologist, allergist.
• Points with a red rim on the body of some people appear after a long stay in the sun or in a solarium. The disorder is formed by the type of color deprivation: first, small dots appear, which later develop into spots of pinkish color with a red rim. With timely access to a doctor, this pathology can be cured without any special problems.
• Rare red dots on the body, accompanied by itching, indicate an allergic process. And, the stronger the allergy, the more intense the rash will spread. This phenomenon often occurs during treatment with antibiotics or other strong drugs, as well as when using new means of household chemicals or cosmetics.
• Red-brown points on the body can be a sign of rheumatology: an immunodeficiency disorder leads to multiple vascular disorders. Eruptions are part of the symptomatic complex of autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and hemorrhagic vasculitis.
• Red spots on the body like pimples, especially in childhood, are able to indicate the initial stage of development of a viral or microbial disease. Prominent examples of such diseases are measles, chicken pox and rubella. For diagnosis, you must always consult a doctor, and the earlier, the better.
• If the red dots on the body are flaky, then there may be several reasons. These are allergic rashes, herpetic viral infection, avitaminosis, autoimmune pathologies. You can not determine the affiliation of the disease by one single sign, so to make an accurate diagnosis you need to go through all the stages of diagnosis, appointed by the doctor.
• Hardly noticeable red dots on the body are often associated with the presence of a venereal problem (if it concerns an adult). For example, a similar symptom is characteristic of syphilis. The initial stage of the disease is accompanied by a multiple rash of pinkish color. Over time, the dots darken and become brown.
• Red dots on the body like a bursting capillary appear when there is a shortage of vitamin K and ascorbic acid in the body. These vitamins are responsible for the quality of the walls of the vessels, they support the resistance of the capillaries to external injuries. As a rule, even a small injury leads to the appearance of a point, the skin is rubbed against clothes, a small bruise. With severe vitamin deficiency, neoplasms appear even without traumatic effects, spontaneously.
• Red points on the body like hemangioma are benign elements that consist of the vascular endothelium. Similar rashes are often found in children, as well as in women during childbearing. Certain elements do not possess a certain localization and preferentially disappear independently, without causing harm and without causing any unpleasant symptoms.

[17], [18]

Diagnostics of the red dots on the body

In most patients, the diagnosis of red spots on the body is not difficult: the doctor can recognize the disease already at the stage of primary examination and feeling of the problem area. Typical reddish color and blanching with pressure is a characteristic symptom of such an education as angioma.

If you immediately diagnose it is difficult, then the doctor appoints a number of auxiliary studies.

Analyzes in the laboratory include a standard study of urine and blood, evaluation of liver function (liver tests) and taking a scraping from the skin (to eliminate the fungal nature of the disease). If the doctor suspects a tumor, then he will prescribe a puncture biopsy: this is a procedure for removing a small tissue element using a thin needle tool, with further research of the material.

In addition, it is recommended to examine other organs - for example, the liver, pancreas, kidneys.

Thus, instrumental diagnostics can consist of ultrasound examination of internal organs, angiography, radiography.

[19], [20], [21], [22]

Differential diagnosis

Differential diagnosis of the most common diseases, which are accompanied by the appearance of red dots on the body, is presented in the following table:

Measles	The incubation period is 1-2 weeks.	Appear patchy-papular rashes of a pinkish-brown color: around the auricles, in the face and neck, then spreading through the body. Other symptoms: runny nose, cough, itchy skin, photophobia.
Skin Angioma	-	The fusion of small vessels of the circulatory or lymphatic system, on any part of the body. It is asymptomatic.
Gemangioma	-	A small red, raspberry or cyanotic stain that rises above the surface of the skin. It is asymptomatic.
Rubella	The incubation period is 2-3 weeks.	Pinkish inclusions, which on the second day merge, extending to the trunk, arms and legs. Other symptoms: fever, runny nose, lymphadenopathy.
Infectious erythema	The incubation period lasts from 4 days to 2 weeks.	Along with arthralgia and a slight increase in temperature, a spotted-papular or mesh rash is found.
Infectious mononucleosis	The incubation period is 10-50 days.	Vesicular or korepodobnye rashes are observed only in 15% of patients. Other symptoms: general weakness, sore throat, splenomegaly.
Red moles on the body	-	They are a kind of angiomas. They can be congenital. Most often found on the back or chest. Not accompanied by any symptoms.
Scarlatina	The incubation period is from three to five days.	Diffuse type of reddish-pinkish rash, with pimple under pressure. Red patches spread over the face, chest, belly, extremities. Other symptoms: sore throat, fever, strawberry tongue.
Allergic reaction	-	Variable manifestations of the rash, both generalized and limited, itchy, accompanied by swelling, sometimes - nausea, fever.
Sudden erythema (herpevirus type 6)	The incubation period varies within 5-15 days.	Diffuse spotted or spotty-papular rash appears at one time with normalization of body temperature. Cramps are possible.

[23], [24]

Treatment of the red dots on the body

For details on how to get rid of red spots on the body, read this article.

Complications and consequences

Direct red patches on the body are not dangerous. The main thing is to avoid mechanical damage to such areas, not to apply irritating procedures in relation to them (do not put mustard plasters on such places, do not use ointments like Finalgon or Espol, do not apply pepper plasters, etc.). The fact is that such actions can trigger bleeding from the neoplasm, or cause an increase in its growth.

To address to the doctor it is necessary, if in the field of red elements on a body there were such changes:

• the element began to increase rapidly, or changed color (for example, darkened);
• the form changed (it became wrong, torn, loose);
• there were signs of an inflammatory process (redness of healthy tissue, swelling, pain, or itching);
• the blotches started to bleed, pus began to stand out;
• there were painful sensations (twitching, pain, burning, etc.).

The transition of red inclusions into malignant formation is extremely rare. But inflammatory reactions and bleeding do happen often. Therefore, for red rashes on the body must constantly and carefully observe.

[25], [26], [27], [28], [29]

Prevention

Since the etiology of the appearance of red dots on the body can be different, prevention measures can be described only in a general aspect. So, the basic rules of prevention can be:

• Providing personal hygiene (according to scientists, 10 million of contaminated skin each day are about forty thousand different pathogenic bacteria that can cause skin diseases).
• Safety of contact with other people and animals (in order to avoid infection, close contact with sick people and animals should be avoided).
• A full-fledged diet, able to provide the body with all the necessary vitamins and minerals.
• Dosage stay under sunlight, avoid sunburn.
• Careful selection of funds for hygiene, as well as cleaning and cleaning solutions (optimal choice of non-aggressive environmental hypoallergenic drugs).
• Careful selection of clothes and shoes (according to season, size and quality). Preference should be given to natural fabrics and materials.

[30], [31], [32],

Forecast

The appearance of small red elements on the skin can not be attributed to the category of ordinary cosmetic defects. Nevertheless, it is not necessary to panic when they appear: most such rashes have a favorable course and prognosis, without posing a danger to human health as a whole.

However, it is still worthwhile to find out the cause of the problem: before trying to work on red points on the body by applying alternative recipes, first you need to get a specialist consultation. If this is not done and continue to engage in self-medication, then the forecast can be considered only in a negative aspect.