Examination of the body

Color vision

The study of color vision can be informative in the clinical evaluation of hereditary dystrophies of the retina, when its disturbances occur before the visual acuity decreases and scotomas appear.

Visible evoked potentials (VEP) are recorded to diagnose lesions of the visual pathways, assessing their condition from the peripheral (retina) to the central sections (primary and secondary visual centers).

Electrooculography

Electrooculography - registration of the permanent potential of the eye with the help of skin electrodes applied to the area of the outer and inner margins of the lower eyelid.

Electroretinography

Electroretinography is a method for recording the total bioelectrical activity of all retinal neurons: negative a-wave - photoreceptors and positive b-wave - hyper- and depolarizing bipolar and Mueller cells.

Pachymetry of the cornea

Pachymetry is the measurement of the thickness of the cornea. It is an indirect sign of the integrity of the corneal endothelium. The largest thickness of the cornea is near the limbus (0.7-0.9 mm).

Soskob and biopsy of the cornea

Scraping of the cornea is performed with a Kimura spatula, a curved end of the needle (for the hypodermis), or a blade. After instillation of a local anesthetic without preservatives, the edges and the bottom of the lesion (usually ulcers) are gently and carefully scraped under the control of the slit lamp.