List Analyzes – A
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood is a specific enzyme that shows how stable the state of the tissues of various human organs. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in the blood is generally an abnormality about the norm, but alanine itself is an important enzyme found in large amounts in skeletal muscle, liver, heart, and kidney.
The processes of platelet aggregation are studied using an aggregometer that reflects the course of aggregation graphically in the form of a curve; ADP is used as an aggregation stimulator. Before the addition of a proagregant (ADP), random oscillations of the optical density curve are possible. After the addition of the aggregate, oscillations appear on the curve due to a change in the form of the platelets.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone is a peptide consisting of 39 amino acid residues with a molecular mass of approximately 4500. The secretion of ACTH into the blood is subject to circadian rhythms, the concentration is maximal at 6 o'clock in the morning, and the minimum is about 22 hours. Strong ACTH stimulator is stress. The half-life in the blood is 3-8 minutes.
With normal kidney function, excretion of catecholamines with urine is considered an adequate method of assessing the state of the sympathoadrenal system. Urine collected for a day. Before collecting urine for the study of catecholamines, it is necessary to exclude from food certain foods: bananas, pineapples, cheese, strong tea, foods containing vanillin.
Adrenaline is the hormone of the adrenal medulla. From the adrenal medulla it enters the bloodstream and acts on the cells of distant organs. Its content in the blood depends on the tone of the sympathetic system. In hepatocytes, epinephrine stimulates the breakdown of glycogen and thereby increases the glucose level in the blood. In adipose tissue adrenaline activates lipase and the process of cleavage of TG.
To detect antibodies to adenoviruses, use of DSC or ELISA is used. With RBC, the study is carried out at the onset of the disease and after 5-7 days, the increase in titer of antibodies is considered to be diagnostically significant no less than 4 times when studying paired sera.
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) is one of the most valuable common tests to obtain an idea of the blood coagulation system. APTTV is a test that detects exclusively plasma defects of the internal X-factor activation system in phase I (formation of prothrombinase) of blood coagulation.
The method of determining the activated blood clotting time (ABC) allows to control and regulate the level of heparinization of the patient during the operation of artificial organs (artificial circulation apparatus, artificial kidney, liver, hemosorption), calculate the neutralizing dose of protamine sulfate and evaluate the completeness of heparin neutralization.
CD23-lymphocytes characterize the activity of the immune response to mitogens. Increased activated B-lymphocytes (CD23) in the blood may indicate the development of an autoimmune or atopic inflammatory process.
Acid phosphatase in the blood should not exceed 5-6.5 IU / l, and ideally it should not be in the bloodstream at all. In general, phosphatases - a special kind of enzymes, which are considered "water" - hydrolases. These substances can be found not only in the human body, but also in tissues, in the organs of almost all animals, and even in all kinds of plants.
Acid alpha1-glycoprotein (orosomukoid) is a protein of the blood plasma, the richest in carbohydrates. The carbohydrate moiety is represented by several polysaccharide chains attached to the polypeptide chain.
A pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) was detected in the serum of pregnant women in 1974. The protein has a molecular weight of 820,000, a tetrameric structure, a developed carbohydrate component, and a pronounced affinity for heparin.
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