List Analyzes – P
The stability of the collagen matrix is provided by intermolecular irreversible bonds formed between some amino acids entering the polypeptide chain of collagen. Due to the presence of the pyridine ring, the cross bonds are called pyridinoline (Pid) and deoxypyridinoline (Dpid).
Determination of antibody titer to the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis in the serum is a retrospective method for diagnosing pseudotuberculosis. The paired sera of the patient are examined. To identify specific antibodies, blood is taken to the study at the onset of the disease and 7-10 days after the initial examination.
Prothrombin time characterizes the I and II phases of plasma hemostasis and reflects the activity of the prothrombin complex (factors VII, V, X and prothrombin itself - Factor II).
Protein S is a vitamin K-dependent plasma glycoprotein. It circulates in the blood in two forms: free (40%) and associated with the C4-component of complement (60%). They are in dynamic equilibrium, but only free protein is active. Protein S is a cofactor of protein C in the process of inactivation of Va and VIIIa of clotting factors.
In a small amount of protein in the urine of a child can be, which is not considered pathology. Depending on the method of investigation, the level of protein from 30 to 60 milligrams is considered the norm in the daily amount of urine.
Detection of protein in the urine (proteinuria) is one of the most important and practically significant signs of kidney and urinary tract damage, which can be both isolated and combined with other changes in urinary sediment in the form of erythrocyturia, leukocyturia, cylindruria, bacteriuria.
For the separation of protein fractions, a method of electrophoresis is usually used, based on the different mobility of whey proteins in an electric field.
Protein C is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein of blood plasma. It is synthesized by the liver in the form of inactive proenzyme, which under the influence of the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex turns into an active form. Activated protein C is an anticoagulant enzyme that selectively inactivates Va and VIIIa factors by hydrolyzing them in the presence of ionized calcium, phospholipids and its cofactor protein S, thereby preventing the prothrombin from passing to thrombin.
In normal pregnancy, the concentration of PAPP-A in the serum increases significantly from the 7th week. The increase in the concentration of PAPP-A occurs exponentially at the beginning of pregnancy, then slows down and continues until delivery.
Prostatic specific antigen (PSA) is a glycoprotein secreted by the cells of the epithelium of the tubules of the prostate. Due to the fact that PSA is formed in the paraurethral glands, only very small amounts of it can be found in women.
Prolactin is synthesized in specialized lactogenic cells in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; its synthesis and release is under the stimulatory-inhibitory influence of the hypothalamus.
One of the reasons for the development of diabetes mellitus may be a violation of the secretion of insulin from beta cells to the blood. For the diagnosis of impaired secretion of insulin in the blood, the definition of proinsulin and C-peptide is used. Change in the concentrations of proinsulin for various forms of diabetes mellitus.
Progesterone promotes the proliferation of the mucous membrane of the uterus, facilitates the implantation of a fertilized egg. Progesterone is synthesized by a yellow body, and during pregnancy, the placenta becomes its main source.
The degradation products of fibrinogen / fibrin are formed in the body upon activation of the fibrinolysis system (interaction of plasmin with fibrinogen and fibrin), which develops in response to intravascular fibrin formation. The degradation products of fibrinogen / fibrin have antithromboplastin, antithrombin and antipolymerase action.
Prenatal diagnosis is the most effective method of preventing congenital diseases. It allows in many cases to unequivocally solve the problem of possible damage to the fetus and the subsequent termination of pregnancy.
Prealbumin, or transthyretin, is a protein with a molecular weight of 54,980 and a half-life of 1-2 days; synthesized in the liver. One of the most important functions of prealbumin is transport of T4 and triiodothyronine (T3).
Potassium in the urine is an important marker, an indicator of normal, healthy nutrition, as well as the state of the hormonal system, assessing the degree of intoxication, if one is diagnosed. In addition, potassium in the urine is a sign of the normal functioning of the kidneys.
Potassium plays an important role in the processes of muscle contraction, heart activity, conduction of nerve impulses, enzymatic processes and metabolism.
PCR is one of the methods of DNA diagnostics, which allows to increase the number of copies of the detected region of the genome (DNA) of bacteria or viruses by millions of times using the DNA polymerase enzyme.
Antibodies of class IgM to Chlamydia pneumoniae, formed during primary infection and confirming the etiologic diagnosis of the disease even in a single study, can be detected in the indirect immunofoulresence or ELISA (sensitivity - 97%, specificity - 90%).