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Adenovirus infection: antibodies to adenoviruses in blood
Last reviewed: 05.07.2025
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Currently, more than 40 serotypes of adenoviruses have been identified in humans. Adenoviral diseases are widespread both in the form of sporadic cases and outbreaks. Children are most often affected. For the etiological diagnosis of the disease, the immunofluorescence method is used, which allows detecting the virus in nasopharyngeal secretions (epithelial cells). In recent years, a rapid (analysis time is 15 minutes) immunochromatographic test on slides has been developed to detect adenovirus in feces, with a sensitivity of 99% and a specificity of 91.6%.
To detect antibodies to adenoviruses, a complete serum assay or ELISA is used.
In the case of RSC, the study is carried out at the onset of the disease and after 5-7 days; an increase in the antibody titer of at least 4 times when studying paired sera is considered diagnostically significant.
The ELISA method is characterized by high specificity but low sensitivity. As with the CSC, for diagnostic purposes, ELISA requires a comparison of antibody titers in serum samples obtained from patients at the beginning and end of the disease.
Determination of antibody titers to adenoviruses is used to diagnose acute respiratory viral infections, assess the intensity of post-vaccination immunity, and diagnose adenovirus infections.
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