Acute stomatitis - what is it and how to fight it?

Acute stomatitis - small ulcers that arise in the oral cavity, accompanied by discomfort and, periodically, painful sensations. Where do they come from on the human body? What are they talking about and how to deal with them? It should be noted that acute stomatitis is a disease that almost every person came across. It is also an interesting fact that a person who has had acute stomatitis at least once has a very high propensity to repeat this disease.

Causes of the acute stomatitis

From what actually there is an acute stomatitis till now it is reliably not known. Therefore, among other things, doctors distinguish such causes of acute stomatitis as:

• getting on the mucous membrane of the mouth of pathogenic organisms, infections that provoke the appearance and development of the disease in this very sensitive area of the human body;
• diseases associated with disruption of the gastrointestinal tract, as well as the cardiovascular system;
• general immunodeficiency, lack of vitamins, metabolic disorders in the body;
• disorders in the nervous system;
• the occurrence of malignant formations, hormonal changes, anemia;
• as well as various injuries of the mucosa (abrasions, wounds, etc.) and heredity.

Also, to acute stomatitis can lead and the usual ignoring of the observance of ordinary oral hygiene, the admission of caries, dysbiosis of the mouth. No less impact on the appearance of acute stomatitis can also lead to violations in the manufacture or installation of dental implants and prostheses, long-term use of medicinal treatment, allergic manifestations, as well as the use of nicotine-containing or alcoholic products.

It is also important to note that toothpastes containing sodium lauryl sulfate are not very good on the oral cavity and can often cause acute stomatitis.

[1], [2], [3]

Pathogenesis

Opinions of doctors about the manifestation of acute stomatitis in the form of small ulcers on the oral mucosa still diverge, but the most plausible explanation of the physicians nevertheless consider the protective reaction of the human body to unidentified stimuli. Acute stomatitis involves the attack of lymphocytes (a type of white blood cells) on foreign molecules that are not defined by the body as permissible. A similar reaction, as in acute stomatitis, is observed by physicians during the transplantation of donor organs. Aggressive lymphocytes attack "alien" molecules and form ulcers.

[4], [5], [6], [7]

Symptoms of the acute stomatitis

The earliest manifestations of acute stomatitis can be called redness on the oral mucosa. When the disease develops, they swell and can be burned. If you missed this symptom of acute stomatitis, the reddened areas begin to develop into small rounded sores-ulcers, brighten to grayish-white and covered with a film. Around these "craters" on the mucosa there is no pain, the skin looks quite healthy. Acute stomatitis, which develops into ulcers, complicates the procedure of food intake and is accompanied by significant pain in the lesions - on the inside of the lips, cheeks and in the hyoid area.

When acute stomatitis passes into the apogee stage - most likely in the absence of proper treatment - small defects in the mucosa merge into one large ulcer. The further course of the disease is characterized not only by cutting and burning pain in the mouth, but also by increased body temperature, general weakening of the body, inflammation of the lymph nodes, acute and protracted headache, loss of appetite, and constipation. In addition, acute stomatitis can be accompanied by hyperbolic salivation, plaque, reddening on the oral cavity, vomiting after eating.

[8], [9]

Forms

There are about seven types of acute stomatitis: allergic, aphthous, vesicular, herpetic, catarrhal, traumatic and ulcerative. Consider the most common.

[10], [11], [12]

Acute herpetic stomatitis

This kind of stomatitis can occur both in the child and in the adult. The causative agent is the herpes simplex virus. The mild course or the initial stage of development of acute herpetic stomatitis is manifested in the form of small single vesicles that, when untimely, increase in quantity, cause swelling in the oral cavity, and other symptoms described above.

The peculiarity of acute herpetic stomatitis is that this virus is never excreted from the body.

[13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19]

Acute aphthous stomatitis

The causes of acute aphthous stomatitis can be disorders in the functioning of body systems, various allergies, viral diseases, rheumatism and heredity. Symptoms of acute aphthous stomatitis are similar to other types of this disease. It should be noted that this form of stomatitis can occur both in acute and chronic form with periodic remissions and resumptions.

[20], [21]

Acute catarrhal stomatitis

This kind of sickness is the most common. Acute catarrhal stomatitis is accompanied by an increased level of salivation, deterioration of odor from the mouth, as well as the release of blood from the gums. To the causes of acute catarrhal stomatitis can be attributed to non-compliance with oral hygiene, dental abnormalities, deposition of stones on them, and the introduction of fungi. Also, acute catarrhal stomatitis can be caused by a violation of the functions of the stomach and intestine or the appearance of worms.

[22], [23],

Diagnostics of the acute stomatitis

Diagnosis of acute stomatitis is simple - the doctor determines the presence of the disease in the body, examining the oral cavity. The first transfer of this disease in the patient's card, as a rule, leaves a mark, which allows the next time the manifestation of the disease is more likely to begin its treatment.

The main rule for diagnosing acute stomatitis is the definition of the appearance of wounds and their location.

[24], [25]

Treatment of the acute stomatitis

The most effective method of treatment of acute stomatitis is determined by the doctor.

First of all, the treatment of acute stomatitis begins with a cleansing of the oral cavity, which involves the removal of calculus and a possible plaque on the entire surface of the oral mucosa. It is also necessary to fight tooth decay, in any case, heal existing dental lesions.

For cleaning and antiseptics of the oral cavity, frequent rinses are recommended. Also, to achieve the maximum positive effect, doctors recommend the observance of a simple diet.

Recommended for rinsing various mixtures of herbs-antiseptics (chamomile, calendula), water-alcohol solutions (calendula, eucalyptus), as well as branded rinses. Various local anesthetics and lozenges are also used.

Do not use solutions for alcohol, including iodine, as they can burn damaged areas of the mucous membrane.

If acute stomatitis passes into more complex forms of the disease, then the local treatment of the oral cavity should be combined with the general improvement of the body. If there is a herpetic stomatitis, then the combined treatment also combines the antiviral program.

Antiviral medicaments that are used in the treatment - zovirax (acyclovir, virolex, famciclovir, bonafthon) 1 tablet 5 times a day for 5 days. At elevated temperature, paracetamol is used (children under 5 years of age 0.1-0.15 grams, people over 5 years - 1 tablet 2-3 times a day).

Antihistamines: claritin, tavegil (syrup) for children from 3 to 6 years of 5 milliliters 2 times a day; Suprastinum - in an age dose 2-3 times a day; fenkorol-children from 3 to 7 years of 0.01 grams 2 times a day.

When stomatitis is accompanied by candidiasis, antifungal treatment is usually assumed.

For the treatment of the immune system imput imunon in the form of tablets for resorption up to 8 times a day; sodium nucleate for 0,015-0,05 grams for children from 2 to 5 years and for 1 tablet adults 3-4 times a day.

It is also recommended to use ascorutin or ascorbic acid in small doses.

From the first day of treatment, physiotherapy is also used - KUF irradiation and laser therapy. Ulcers on the skin for the first 2 - 3 days are treated with antiviral drugs, then - with zinc ointment or Lassar paste, with complications of the disease - with ointments with antibiotics.

With significant tissue necrosis, surgical treatment of affected areas of the oral mucosa is performed.

Diet for acute stomatitis

A diet with acute stomatitis presupposes adherence to simple rules - the refusal of acute, sour food, it is necessary to eat moderately warm food, not hot and not cold, it is also desirable to use softer products that should be thoroughly chewed.

Also, daily enema cleansing of the intestine with the help of warm water. It is necessary to drink orange juice and water every 2 hours. It is recommended to consume fruits in the first 3-5 days of treatment, then a balanced diet is introduced, nuts, grains, cereals are included in the diet, and it is also necessary to continue eating fresh fruits and vegetables.

[26], [27], [28], [29]

Treatment of stomatitis in the home

To treat stomatitis at home, mouthwash with clean hot water is recommended. For anesthetic effect in water it is necessary to add hydrogen peroxide (1 teaspoon per 0.5 liters of water). It is also possible to rinse the mouth with the Kalanchoe juice. Excellent action of rinsing with carrot juice (ratio 1: 1 with water).

One of the effective recipes - rubbed 3 large cloves of garlic mixed with 2 teaspoons of yogurt, slightly warmed and distributed in the mouth, capturing all affected areas of the mucosa. The procedure should be repeated 3-4 times a day, for 4-5 days.

A variation is also possible - garlic with curdled milk, applied three times a day.

To reduce inflammation of the gums, experts recommend that alternative medicine is applied to them gruel or slices of raw potatoes.

From the treatment with herbs are recommended the collection of St. John's Wort, blue-head, chamomile flowers, calendula flowers, linden flowers, willow bark, or root of ara, as well as finely chopped rhizome of the foot, which you can find in any pharmacy.

Not only effective, but also a delicious recipe for home treatment of acute stomatitis: to mix the fruits of sea-buckthorn, red and black currant, and also gooseberries (10 spoons of a mixture of berries per liter of boiling water) boil for 15 minutes in a water bath and leave for 30 minutes. After cooling, drain. Use infusion for rinsing the oral cavity, and also for oral administration in small doses 3-4 times a day. Such an infusion will help to remove inflammation and anesthetize the affected areas.

Prevention

The main rule of prevention of acute stomatitis is cleanliness and health of the oral cavity. It is recommended to visit the dental office every six months or a year. It is recommended to revise your diet and exclude products that can cause allergic manifestations, injuring the oral cavity (acute, salty, crunchy, as well as spicy). It is also recommended that refusal of alcoholic beverages, orange and tomato juices.

[30], [31],