Diseases of the cervix

Background are diseases and changes in the vaginal part of the cervix, which contribute to the emergence and development of cervical cancer.

Background processes are characterized by hyperplasia of epithelial cells.

[1], [2], [3], [4]

Epidemiology

Malignant tumors of the reproductive system in women after breast cancer (51.5%) and endometrial cancer (17.6%) cervical cancer ranked third (16.2%). Benign processes in the structure of the pathology of the cervix are about 80%.

[5], [6], [7], [8], [9]

Causes of the cervical disease

Causes of these cervical diseases are: traumatic injuries, infection, hormonal disorders, autoimmune processes.

[10], [11], [12], [13]

Symptoms of the cervical disease

Background diseases of the cervix are:

• ectopia of the cervix,
• ectropion,
• polyps of the cervix,
• endometriosis,
• leukoplakia of the cervix,
• erythroplasty of the cervix,
• papilloma of the cervix,
• true erosion of the cervix.

Forms

The following clinico-morphological classification of the pathological processes of the cervix is suggested.

1. Background processes: pseudo-erosion, true erosion, leukoplakia, polyp, flat warts.
2. Precancerous process - dysplasia : mild, moderate, severe.
3. Preinvasive cancer (Ca in situ, intraepithelial cancer).
4. Microinvasive cancer.
5. Invasive cancer: squamous squamous keratinizing, squamous non-coronary, adenocarcinoma, dimorphic glandular-squamous (mucoepidermoid), low-grade.

[14], [15], [16], [17], [18]

Diagnostics of the cervical disease

As a result of histogenetic studies, it has been established that precancerous processes are detected by strict morphological criteria. Visually determined most frequent pathological processes of the cervix, such as pseudo erosion (ectopia), true erosion, leukoplakia, erythroplasty and polyps, should be referred to background processes. A true precancer is dysplasia, in which already there is a distinct atypia of the superficial epithelial layer.

[19], [20], [21]

Prevention

Early diagnosis and treatment of background and precancerous diseases of the cervix is an important measure aimed at reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.

[22], [23], [24], [25], [26],