Cervical diseases

Background diseases and changes in the vaginal part of the cervix that contribute to the occurrence and development of cervical cancer are called background diseases.

Background processes are characterized by hyperplasia of epithelial cells.

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Epidemiology

Among malignant tumors of the reproductive system in women, after breast cancer (51.5%) and endometrial cancer (17.6%), cervical cancer ranks third (16.2%). Benign processes in the structure of cervical pathology make up about 80%.

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Causes cervical diseases

The causes of these cervical diseases are: traumatic injuries, infection, hormonal disorders, autoimmune processes.

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Symptoms cervical diseases

Background diseases of the cervix include:

• cervical ectopia,
• ectropion,
• cervical polyp,
• endometriosis,
• leukoplakia of the cervix,
• erythroplakia of the cervix,
• cervical papilloma,
• true erosion of the cervix.

Forms

The following clinical and morphological classification of pathological processes of the cervix is proposed.

1. Background processes: pseudo-erosion, true erosion, leukoplakia, polyp, flat condylomas.
2. Precancerous process - dysplasia: mild, moderate, severe.
3. Preinvasive cancer (Ca in situ, intraepithelial cancer).
4. Microinvasive cancer.
5. Invasive cancer: squamous cell keratinizing, squamous cell nonkeratinizing, adenocarcinoma, dimorphic glandular-squamous cell (mucoepidermoid), poorly differentiated.

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Diagnostics cervical diseases

Histogenetic studies have shown that precancerous processes are detected by strict morphological criteria. Visually detectable most common pathological processes of the cervix, such as pseudo-erosions (ectopia), true erosions, leukoplakia, erythroplakia and polyps, should be classified as background processes. True precancer is dysplasia, which already has atypia of the superficial epithelial layer expressed to varying degrees.

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Prevention

Early diagnosis and treatment of background and precancerous diseases of the cervix is an important measure aimed at reducing the incidence of cervical cancer.

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