Cervical polyp

Cervical polyps are the protrusions that form on it because of the proliferation of the mucous membrane.

The term "cervical polyp" implies focal proliferation of endocervix in which tree-like outgrowths of connective tissue covered with cylindrical epithelium protrude into the lumen of the cervical canal or beyond.

[1], [2], [3]

Causes of the cervical polyp

Polyps of the cervix appear on the background of hormonal changes in the body of a woman, when much estrogen is produced, mechanical injuries of the cervix and untreated erosions, numerous abortions or disruption of the thyroid gland, reduced immunity, stress, difficult delivery, syphilis, HPV, uterine myomas and other diseases of the genital organs, genetic predisposition, diabetes, nerve strain. You can see such a polyp by usual examination by mirrors.

[4], [5], [6]

Pathogenesis

Macroscopically polyps are represented in the form of structures of small sizes (from 2 to 40 mm in diameter), oval or round, with a smooth surface, hanging in the vagina on a thin base. As a rule, polyps have a dark pink color, which is due to the translucence of the vessels through the cover cylindrical epithelium; the consistency of polyps is determined by the content of fibrous tissue.

[7], [8], [9]

Symptoms of the cervical polyp

Cervical polyps can occur with or without certain symptoms. You should be alerted by spotting after sex, spotting from the vagina before or after the menstrual period, mucous discharge, disturbing and plentiful, pulling pains in the lower abdomen and pelvic pain.

What is dangerous cervical polyps?

Cervical polyps are one of the symptoms of a hormonal imbalance. Most often they occur in 40-45 years. In 2% of cases, polyps can be regenerated into a cancerous tumor. If you have removed the cervical polyps, follow these guidelines: do not have sex for 2 weeks, use gaskets, and do not swab the same period, do not douch, take a shower only, not a bath, with temperature or abdominal pain after removal, see a doctor .

[10], [11]

Glandular cervical polyp

Glandular polyps of the cervix are more common in childbearing age. The glandular polyp is a small formation on the stem, always benign, not degenerating into cancer. The size of them is rarely more than 2 cm. It is possible to suspect glandular polyps of the cervix due to unpleasant yellowish secretions, spotting in the middle of the menstrual cycle, painful and irregular menstruation, infertility and pain during sex. To reveal the glandular polyps of the cervix, a routine examination is performed in the armchair, sometimes an ultrasound is performed or a smear is taken to exclude the malignant process. Treatment of glandular polyp, usually surgical. It is removed with forceps or conducts curettage - that is, gynecologic curettage. After removal of the polyp it is necessary to observe regularly at the gynecologist, they can give a relapse. An alternative to surgical treatment of a polyp may be cryodestruction or hormone treatment, but these methods do not always give the desired result, so more often the polyp has to be removed. Modern methods of their removal, as a rule, are minimally invasive, which is especially important for nulliparous women.

Fibrous cervical polyps

Fibrous polyps grow from connective tissue. Fibrous polyp is the source of infection and the cause of bleeding. Its color is pink or red. After removal, the polyp is sent to the laboratory for histological examination for malignancy. Fibrous polyp is removed by hatching.

The consequence of fibrotic polyps may be infertility. But in young women they are very rare. The leading cause of polyps formation are hormonal changes, adnexitis, trauma, erosion, immune disorders, myoma. They often become an accidental finding in the gynecological chair. There may be leucorrhoea, small spotting, pain during intercourse, pain in the lower abdomen.

Polyp of the cervix in pregnancy

What to do if you are diagnosed with "cervical polyps" during pregnancy? Do not panic, such polyps after childbirth, as a rule, immediately disappear. They do not interfere with the course of pregnancy and delivery in any way. If pregnancy occurred with an existing polyp, then she is worn out and the polyp is removed after childbirth. Possible bloody discharge associated with the polyp, for example, after sexual intercourse. Sometimes there is inflammation. In this case, the doctor of a woman's consultation will choose the treatment for you. During pregnancy already existing polyps grow and become more intense red shade.

Forms

According to the histological structure	According to the morphological type
Glandular	Simple
Fiber-fibrous	Proliferating
Fibrotic	Epidermis

Epidermisation of polyps by multilayer flat epithelium is carried out on the principle of squamous metaplasia, the starting factor of which is considered high estrogenic saturation.

Polyps of the cervix can be multiple, their base is represented by a thin or wide connective tissue "leg".

Complications and consequences

Cervical polyps can cause bleeding in women and pain during sex, painful periods. They should be treated, tk. They can be reborn into cancer. Since the monthly for polyps are abundant, anemia, weakness and apathy may occur. Therefore, at the slightest suspicion of a cervical polyp, it is necessary to conduct an examination in the chair, do colposcopy or diagnostic curettage. If you have a polyp, most likely, you may have other diseases in gynecology, for example, fibroids or problems with the ovaries. These phenomena are often together. It is impossible to allow independent treatment of cervical polyps by alternative means. Only after consulting a doctor you can be sure that you have chosen the right tactics. Most likely, if a cervical polyp is found, the doctor will suggest that you remove it.

[12], [13], [14], [15]

Diagnostics of the cervical polyp

Cervical polyps are usually easy to identify when viewed. But it happens that you need colposcopy, cervicoscopy, hysteroscopy, diagnostic curettage or ultrasound of the pelvic organs. Also, swabs are taken to the flora to exclude the presence of infection. You may need a general blood and urine test. Since polyps often have a hormonal nature, it is necessary to pass a blood test for hormones.

[16], [17], [18], [19]

Cervical polyps biopsy

A biopsy of the cervix polyp is carried out for the purpose of diagnosis - the doctor wants to know whether it is benign, or has already begun its degeneration into a cancerous tumor. Biopsy is an important but rather unpleasant procedure. Sites for biopsy are grasped by forceps and excised as a cone. Then the seams are superimposed. A biopsy is performed on the 10th day of the menstrual cycle. By the beginning of a new cycle, the area affected by the sample is completely healed. About 10 days there may be a small amount of blood.

A cervical biopsy can be performed during pregnancy. There are no painful receptors in the cervix of the uterus, so there can be no severe pain. A biopsy should be performed by an experienced gynecologist. It will help to prevent cervical cancer, dear women. To date, this is one of the most common gynecological diseases, which has significantly grown younger. And polyps of the cervix are considered a precancerous condition.

A biopsy can be performed using a knife or a loop. If the bleeding is significant after a biopsy, the vagina is swabbed. Together with biopsy, diagnostic scraping can also be performed. To nulliparous women, they try not to do it.

Indications for curettage : myoma, cervical dysplasia, cervical polyps, cervical cancer. About 5 hours the patient is in the ward, and then goes home. Scraping, unlike a biopsy, requires local or general anesthesia. Sometimes after scraping, spikes may appear, but this is very rare, and in any case the benefit of this procedure exceeds the harm, if there is evidence.

After scraping to complete healing, you can not swim in the bathroom and ponds, only under the shower. Sex after the procedure is prohibited 4 weeks. If there were pains in the lower abdomen, the temperature increased, go to the doctor's office, which made you scraping!

[20], [21],

Treatment of the cervical polyp

Cervical polyps can be treated medically, by alternative medicine or surgically. Without treatment, the polyp is the focus of infection, it prevents pregnancy, disrupts the menstrual cycle, causes pain. If you are shown an operation, then after it, usually, you need to take hormonal drugs to avoid relapse. If you have a polyp, you can not sunbathe a lot.

Before the operation to remove the polyp, you will need to pass such tests: a general blood test, sugar, chlamydia and mycoplasma, ureaplasma, trichomonad, smear-scraping from the cervix. Removal of the polyp is best done with its simultaneous coagulation. To conduct such a procedure, there is modern equipment, for example, the radio wave device Surgitron. You can also twist the leg with forceps, and then subject this area to freezing with liquid nitrogen or to work with a laser.

Unfortunately, today polyps are found even in adolescent girls, although it was previously believed that they are mostly sick with mature women who have already given birth. Therefore it is important to plan pregnancy and take care of the treatment of polyps in advance. Always treat any irregularities in the menstrual cycle to prevent the occurrence of polyps. A significant role is played by the fight against obesity and the control of blood glucose levels. Diabetics suffer from polyps of the cervix much more often, as they have hormonal regulation disrupted.

After surgery to remove polyps, the doctor prescribes antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamins.

Removal of cervical polyps

Refusal to remove the polyp of the cervix can lead to infertility. The most common method of removal is hysteroscopy, during which the doctor determines the localization of the polyp and inserts scissors and forceps into the cervical canal, then unscrews or removes the polyp. After removal, a complication such as cervical perforation or inflammation is possible, but this is extremely rare. Cervical polyp, as a rule, requires hospitalization for a day. Before hospitalization it is necessary to be surveyed on a thrush and ZPPP. The polyp is sent for histological examination after removal. This helps prevent cancer.

You can remove the polyp with a laser absolutely painless and without blood, but it's expensive. This method is ideal for nulliparous. Healing occurs very quickly.

Full scraping is most often done by doctors if a relapse occurs. This method - the most painful, requires local or general anesthesia.

In any case, you will have to limit physical activity for 2 weeks after the operation. Also you can not go to a solarium this period.

Methods for removal of cervical polyps

After you have cured all sexual infections and passed blood and urine tests, you need to decide which method you will solve your problem. Methods for removal of cervical polyps:

1. The radio wave method.
2. Cryodestruction.
3. Laser removal.
4. Hysteroscopy.

In the classical version of removal - hysteroscopy - after exposing the cervix with the mirrors, the polyp is grasped with the help of a clamp and, if it is on the stem, it is unscrewed. After this, the canal is scraped, removing the foot of the polyp.

Women who have already given birth, with the recurrence of the polyp, remove the cervix.

After removing the polyp by any method for 10 days, prescribe antibiotics. You need a dynamic observation of the gynecologist, in order to prevent a relapse. Forbidden 2 weeks to swim in the bathroom and ponds, you can only take a shower. You can not go to the pool. Limit physical and mental overload.

Laser Removal

The method of removing cervical polyps is the most progressive, has a number of advantages. It is possible to use different intensity laser beams. With the help of a video camera the doctor watches everything that he does. The tissues are removed layer by layer, the surrounding tissues are not injured. Blood loss is minimal, after a few days you can live a sexual life. The method is ideal for nulliparous. Scars on the neck does not remain. The wound does not become infected, the laser protects it. After removing the polyp, you can not take Aspirin for several days and syringe.

Treatment with celandine

Purity for the treatment of cervical polyps can be taken or done with it syringing. Fill the jar with fresh flowers of the plant and fill with steep boiling water. It is necessary to insist the celandine 12 hours under the closed lid. You need to drink infusion 3 times a day. You need to start with a tablespoon, gradually bringing a single dose to 100 mg. Treat the polyps of the uterus need two weeks, and after 1 cycle again, repeat the course.

Suppositories from cervical polyps

Cervical polyps successfully treat the suppository "Chistobolin". They contain hemlock. Have anti-edematous and absorbable effect. 1 suppository should be injected deep into the vagina once a day. Suppositories can not be used during pregnancy. The boligol helps prevent a recurrence of the polyp and its degeneration into cancer. Suppositories can also be used for complex therapy of uterine fibroids, mastopathy. Often these diseases go together with cervical polyps.

Prevention

Polyps of the cervix are difficult to prevent. It is enough just to undergo preventive examinations. In the presence of inflammatory diseases and STDs, they must be treated on time. Unfortunately, polyps can occur at any age.

[22], [23]

Forecast

Cervical polyps have a certain, no more than 10% tendency to relapse, and some of their species tend to degenerate into cancer.

Always take care of your female health, and cervical polyps will threaten you much less than those who do not follow your health - take responsibility for your life, now this problem is quite simple to solve.