Nervous system

Brain development

Brain development is a complex process of brain formation and maturation that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout a person's life.

Hippocampus

The hippocampus is a complex structure located deep within the temporal lobe of the brain, between its medial side and the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle, forming one of its walls.

Duration of healthy sleep phases in children and adults: what should they be?

The human body needs to rest regularly. Night rest helps to stabilize blood circulation, normalize metabolic processes, and neutralize the effects of stress.

Memory: neurochemical mechanisms of memory

Although the molecular mechanisms of the functioning of a single nerve cell have been studied in many of their manifestations and the principles of organizing interneuronal connections have been formulated, it is still unclear how the molecular properties of neurons ensure the storage, reproduction and analysis of information - memory.

Mediators of the nervous system (neurotransmitters)

A neurotransmitter (neurotransmitter, neurotransmitter) is a substance that is synthesized in a neuron, contained in presynaptic endings, released into the synaptic cleft in response to a nerve impulse and acts on special areas of the postsynaptic cell, causing changes in the membrane potential and metabolism of the cell.

Synapses in the nervous system

The concept of "synapse" was introduced at the end of the 19th century by C. Sherrington, who meant by this term a structure that mediates the transmission of a signal from the end of an axon to an effector - a neuron, muscle fiber, secretory cell.

The blood-brain barrier

The blood-brain barrier is extremely important for ensuring homeostasis of the brain, but many questions concerning its formation have not yet been fully clarified. But it is already clear that the BBB is the most differentiated, complex, and dense histohematic barrier.

Mielin

Myelin is a unique formation, the organization of which allows an electrical impulse to be conducted along a nerve fiber with minimal energy expenditure. The myelin sheath is a highly organized multilayer structure consisting of highly stretched and modified plasma membranes of Schwann (in the PNS) and oligodendroglial (in the CNS) cells.

Neuron

A neuron is a morphologically and functionally independent unit. With the help of processes (axon and dendrites) it makes contacts with other neurons, forming reflex arcs - links from which the nervous system is built.

Brain stem

The brainstem is a continuation of the spinal cord in the rostral direction. The conditional border between them is the place where the first cervical roots emerge and the pyramidal decussation. The brainstem is divided into the hindbrain and midbrain. The first includes the medulla oblongata, the pons, and the cerebellum. Its continuation is the midbrain, consisting of the quadrigeminal bodies and cerebral peduncles and bordering the diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, subthalamus).

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