Nervous system

Vagus nerve

The vagus nerve (n. vagus) innervates the membranes of the brain, the organs of the neck, the chest cavity, and most of the abdominal organs. The fibers of the vagus nerve transmit impulses that slow the heartbeat, constrict the bronchi, increase peristalsis and relax the intestinal sphincters, increase the secretion of glands, etc.

Laryngeal nerve

The glossopharyngeal nerve (n. glossopharyngeus) contains sensory, motor and secretory (parasympathetic) fibers. Sensory fibers terminate on neurons of the nucleus of the solitary tract, motor fibers emerge from the nucleus ambiguus, and autonomic fibers emerge from the inferior salivatory nucleus.

The prevertebral cochlear nerve

The vestibulocochlearis nerve (n. vestibulocochlearis) is formed by sensory nerve fibers coming from the organs of hearing and balance. On the ventral surface of the brain, the vestibulocochlearis nerve emerges behind the pons, lateral to the facial nerve.

Facial nerve

The facial nerve (n. facialis) unites the facial nerve proper and the intermediate nerve. The facial nerve proper (n. facialis) is formed by motor nerve fibers.

Recurrent nerve

The abducens nerve (n. abducens) is predominantly motor. The origin of the abducens nerve is located at the posterior edge of the pons, between the pons and the pyramid of the medulla oblongata.

The trigeminal nerve

The trigeminal nerve (n. trigiinus), being a mixed nerve, innervates the skin of the face, the mucous membrane of the nose and its sinuses, the oral cavity, the anterior 1/3 of the tongue, the teeth, the conjunctiva of the eye, the masticatory muscles, the muscles of the floor of the mouth (mylohyoid, geniohyoid, anterior belly of the digastric muscle), the muscle that tenses the tympanic membrane, and the muscle that tenses the soft palate.

Block nerve

The trochlear nerve (n. trochlearis) is a motor nerve, thin, and emerges from the midbrain behind the plate of the quadrigeminal body, near the frenulum of the superior medullary velum.

Oculomotor nerve

The oculomotor nerve (n. oculomotorius) is mixed, has motor and autonomic nerve fibers, which are processes of the cells of the corresponding nuclei located in the tegmentum of the midbrain.

Optic nerve

The optic nerve (n. opticus) is a thick nerve trunk that consists of axons of the ganglion neurons of the retina of the eyeball. The axons of the ganglion neurons gather together in the area of the blind spot of the retina and form a single bundle - the optic nerve.

Olfactory nerves

The olfactory nerves (nn. olfactorii) are formed by the axons of the olfactory (receptor) cells located in the mucous membrane of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity.

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