Nervous system

Intercostal nerves

Intercostal nerves (nn. Intercostales) are directed laterally and forward in the intercostal spaces, the subcostal nerve - under the XII rib. Each intercostal nerve passes at the lower edge of the corresponding rib under the same artery and vein.

Radial nerve

Radial nerve (n. Radialis) is an extension of the posterior fasciculus of the brachial plexus. It consists of the fibers of the anterior branches of the fifth cervical - the first thoracic (CV-ThI) spinal nerves. The thickness of the radial nerve is the largest branch of the brachial plexus.

Ulnar nerve

The ulnar nerve (n. Ulnaris) departs from the medial bundle of the brachial plexus. It consists of the fibers of the anterior branches of the eighth cervical - the first thoracic (СVIII-ThI) spinal nerves.

Median nerve

The median nerve (n. Medianus) departs from the fusion of lateral and medial bundles of the brachial plexus of the fibers of the anterior branches of the sixth to eighth cervical and first thoracic (CVI-ThI) spinal nerves.

Brachial plexus

The brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) is formed by the anterior branches of the four lower cervical (CV-СVIII) spinal nerves. In the composition of the plexus, the supraclavicular and subclavian parts (pars supraclavicularis et pars infraclavicularis) are distinguished according to the topographic feature.

Cervical plexus

The cervical plexus (plexus cervicales) is formed by the anterior branches of the four upper cervical (CI-CIV) spinal nerves.

Spinal nerves

Spinal nerves (n. Spinales) are paired, located metamerically nerve trunks. In a person 31-33 pairs of spinal nerves: 8 pairs of cervical, 12 pairs of pectoral, 5 pairs of lumbar, 5 pairs of sacral and 1-3 pairs of coccygeal, corresponding to 31-33 segments of the spinal cord.

Sublingual nerve

The sublingual nerve (n. Hypoglossus), formed by the fibers of the motor nucleus, innervates the muscles of the tongue and some muscles of the neck. From the brain, the nerve emerges in the furrow between the pyramid and the olive, is directed forward and laterally into the canal of the hyoid nerve of the occipital bone.

Additional nerve

The additional nerve (n. Accessories), or the villis nerve, is formed by the processes of the motor nuclei located in the oblong brain and in the spinal cord.

Nervus vagus

The wandering nerve (n. Vagus) innervates the membranes of the brain, the organs of the neck, the thoracic cavity, most of the organs of the abdomen. The fibers of the vagus nerve are impulses that slow heart rate, narrow the bronchi, increase peristalsis and relax the intestinal sphincters, increase the secretion of glands, etc.

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