List Anatomy – M
Muscles of the lower limb, as well as the upper, are divided into groups, based on regional affiliation and the function they perform. Distinguish between the muscles of the pelvic girdle and the free part of the lower limb - the thigh, shin and foot.
Muscles of the shin, like other muscles of the lower limb, are well developed, which is determined by the function they perform in connection with the upright walking, static and dynamics of the human body. Having a vast beginning on the bones, intermuscular septa and fasciae, the muscles of the shins act on the knee, ankle joints and joints of the foot.
The muscles of the thigh are divided into 3 groups: the anterior (hip flexors), the posterior (thigh extensors), and the medial (hip femoral). Having a large mass and a considerable length, these muscles are able to develop a greater force, acting on both the hip and knee joints.
The muscles of the forearm are numerous, differ in the variety of functions. Most of the muscles are multiarticular, because they act on several joints: ulnar, radicular, wrist and distal joints of the hand and fingers.
The muscles of the hand are divided into 3 groups: the muscles of the thumb (lateral group) forming in the lateral region of the palm a pronounced elevation of the thumb (tenar, thenar); muscles of the little finger (medial group) forming in the medial region of the palm elevation of the little finger (hypotenar, hipothenar); the middle group of muscles of the hand located between the two groups of muscles, and also on the rear of the hand.
The muscles lifting the ribs (mm. Levatores costarum) are divided into short and long. Short muscles occupy the posterior segments of the intercostal spaces medially from the outer intercostal muscles.
The muscles that lie above the hyoid bone are the muscles, the sub-lingual muscles (mm. Suprahyoidei), and the muscles lying below the hyoid bone are the sub-lingual muscles (mm.infrahyoidei).
Skeletal muscles, attached to the bones, set them in motion, participate in the formation of the walls of the body cavities: the oral, thoracic, ventral, pelvis, are part of the walls of some internal organs (pharynx, upper part of the esophagus, larynx), are among the auxiliary organs of the eye (oculomotor muscles), have an effect on the auditory ossicles in the tympanum.
The muscle, straightening the spine (m. Erector spinae) - the strongest of the autochthonous muscles of the back, extends all over the spine - from the sacrum to the base of the skull.
The muscle lifting the scapula (m. Levator scapulae) begins with tendon bundles on the posterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the upper three or four cervical vertebrae (between the attachment of the middle staircase in the front and the neck muscle in the back).
Muscle tissue (textus muscularis) is a group of tissues (striated, smooth, cardiac), having a different origin and structure, combined according to a functional feature - the ability to contract - to shorten. Along with the aforementioned types of muscular tissue, formed from the mesoderm (mesenchyme), the human body secrete muscular tissue of ectodermal origin - the myocytes of the iris of the eye.
According to the location (topography) of the facial muscles (mimic) are divided into the muscles of the cranial vault; muscles surrounding the ocular gap; muscles surrounding the nasal aperture (nostrils); muscles surrounding the mouth opening and the muscles of the auricle.
The middle ear (auris media) includes a lining mucosa and an air-filled drum cavity (about 1 cm3 in volume) and an auditory (Eustachian) tube. The cavity of the middle ear communicates with the mastoid cave and through it with mastoid cells located in the thickness of the mastoid process.
The median brain (mesencephalon), unlike other parts of the brain, is less complicated. It distinguishes the roof and legs. The cavity of the middle brain is the aqueduct of the brain.
The arterial link of the vascular system is terminated by the vessels of the microcirculatory bed. In each organ according to its structure and functions, the vessels of the microcirculatory bed can have structural features and microtopography.
The intermuscular muscles of the neck, chest and waist (mm., Interspinales cervicis, thoracis and lumborum) connect the spinous processes of the vertebrae with each other, beginning from the second cervical and below.
The metabolic processes in children and adults consist of assimilation processes - the assimilation of substances entering the body from the environment, transforming them into simpler substances suitable for subsequent synthesis, the synthesis of substances themselves, or "blocks" - "details" for constructing one's own living matter or energy.
The knee joint meniscus is an anatomical connective tissue formation of a semicircular shape that occupies the space between the tibia and the femur.
Although the molecular mechanisms of the functioning of a single nerve cell have been studied in many of their manifestations and the principles of organization of interneuronal connections have been formulated, it is still unclear how the molecular properties of neurons provide storage, reproduction and analysis of information-memory.
The oblong brain (medulla oblongata, s. Myelencephalon) is located between the hindbrain and the spinal cord. The upper border of the medulla oblongata on the ventral surface of the brain passes along the lower edge of the bridge.