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Muscles of hip
Last reviewed: 23.04.2024
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The muscles of the thigh are divided into 3 groups: the anterior (hip flexors), the posterior (thigh extensors), and the medial (hip femoral).
Having a large mass and a considerable length, these muscles are able to develop a greater force, acting on both the hip and knee joints. Muscles of the thigh perform static and dynamic functions when standing, walking. Like the pelvic muscles, the muscles of the hip reach maximum development in humans in connection with the upright.
Anterior group of hip muscles
The sartorius muscle (m.sartorius) begins on the superior anterior iliac spine. The muscle crosses obliquely from top to bottom and medially the anterior surface of the thigh. It is attached, passing into the tendon stretching, to the tuberosity of the tibia and to the fascia of the shank.
The quadriceps muscle of the femur (m.quadriceps femoris) is strong, has the largest mass among all muscles. It consists of 4 muscles forming its head: the straight, lateral, medial and intermediate wide hip muscles that adhere to the femur almost from all sides. In the distal third of the thigh, all 4 heads form a common tendon that attaches to the tuberosity of the ribs and also to the apex and lateral edges of the patella. Distal from the apex of the patella, the middle part of the tendon continues into the patellar ligament (lig. Patellae).
Hindquarters of hamstrings
The muscles of the posterior group include the biceps femoris muscle, semitendinous and semimembranous muscles. Proximal at the place of origin on the ischial hillock they are covered with a large gluteus muscle. Below, in the posterior region of the thigh, the semitendinosus and semimembranous muscle are located medially, adjacent to the large adductor muscle. The biceps femoris occupies the lateral position and is attached to the lateral broad muscle of the femur. Starting from the level of the border between the middle and lower thirds of the thigh, the muscles diverge sideways, so the semitendinosus and semimembranous muscle limit the popliteal fossa from the medial side, and the biceps femoris from the lateral muscle.
The biceps femoris (m.biceps femoris) has two heads - long and short. The long head (caput longum) along with the semitendinous muscle begins on the upper medial surface of the ischial hillock and on the sacro-tubercle ligament, where there is an upper bag of the biceps femoris superior (bursa musculi bicipitis femoris superior). At the level of the lower third of the femur, the long head of the biceps femoris is detached from the semitendinous muscle and connects to the short head, passing into a flat tendon.
The semitendinous muscle (m.semitendinosus) begins with the long head of the biceps femoris on the sciatic hillock. At the level of the middle thirds of the femur passes into a long tendon that follows down on the posterior medial side of the knee and is attached to the medial surface of the upper part of the tibia (participates in the formation of the superficial goose paw).
Semimembranous muscle (m.semimembranosus) begins on the ischium with a flat, long tendon. The tendon plate continues down and, tapering in the distal direction, passes at the mid-thigh level into the muscular abdomen. This abdomen is located anterior to the semitendinous muscle and the long head of the biceps femoris. At the level of the knee, the muscle abdomen again continues into the flat tendon, which is attached to the posterolateral surface of the medial condyle of the tibia by 3 bundles. These dry bunches of the semimembranous muscle form the so-called deep goose paw.
Medial group of hip muscles
The muscles of the medial group include thin, comb and adductor muscles (long, short and large). The main function of the muscles of this group is to bring the hip, so they are called the leading muscles. They reach a strong development in humans in connection with the upright. These muscles begin on the outer surface of the ischium and pubic bones, near the aperture. Places of the beginning of the muscles occupy a relatively large surface - from the level of the pubic tubercle to the ischial hillock. The leading muscles are attached to the area from the small spit to the medial over-condyle of the thigh. The general direction of the muscle bundles is oblique, they pass from front to back, from top to bottom to the rough thigh line, which serves as an attachment site for most of these muscles.
The fine muscle (M. Gracilis) is flat, long, and is superficially located throughout the medial surface of the thigh. It begins with a short tendon on the lower half of the pubic symphysis and on the lower branch of the pubic bone. In the lower third of the thigh, the abdomen is located between the tailor and the semimembranous muscle. The tendon of the thin muscle is attached to the medial surface of the upper part of the tibia and participates in the formation of the superficial goose paw.
The crural muscle (m.pectineus) is short, flat, begins on the crest and upper branch of the pubic bone. It is attached by a flat thin tendon to the site located between the posterior surface of the small trochanter and the rough thigh line.
The long adductor muscle (m.adductor longus) is triangular in shape, located medially and downward from the crested muscle, covering the front of the short adductor muscle and the upper fascicles of the large adductor muscle. It begins with a thick tendon on the outer surface of the pubic bone (between the crest and the pubic symphysis). Short adductor muscle (m.adductor brevis) is thick, triangular in shape. It begins on the outer surface of the body and the lower branch of the pubic bone. Located behind the comb and the long adductor muscle. Going down and lateral, the muscle expands and is attached by short tendon bundles to the top of the rough line.
Long and short adductor muscles
The large adductor muscle (m.adductor magnus) is thick, triangular in shape. It begins on the sciatic hillock, the branch of the ischium and on the lower branch of the pubic bone. It is attached throughout the medial lip of the rough line. It is located behind the short and long conducting muscles. Behind her are the tendon, semimembrane muscles and the long head of the biceps femoris. The bunches of the proximal part of the muscle are oriented almost horizontally, extending from the pubic bone to the upper body of the thigh.